Browse Items (106 total)
- Tags: Time Factors
Melatonin treatment in individuals with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled study
Tags: 2008, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Braam W, Central Nervous System Depressants/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Child, Child Preschool, chromosome 18q deletion, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Curfs L, Didden R, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research, Male, melatonin, Melatonin/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Mental Retardation/epidemiology/psychology, Middle Aged, MPS III, pharmacologic intervention, Q3 Scoping Review Results, Saliva, sleep disturbance/disorders, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy/epidemiology/psychology, Smits M, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome
Sleep problems in children with Sanfilippo syndrome.
Tags: 1996, Bax M, Child, Child Preschool, Colville G A, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, MPS III, Mucopolysaccharidosis III/classification, Mucopolysaccharidosis III/complications, psychological intervention, Questionnaires, Sleep Disorders/etiology, Sleep Disorders/therapy, sleep disturbance/disorders, Time Factors, Watters J P, Yule W
Assessment of sleep in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type III
Tags: 2014, Actigraphy, Adolescent, Bigger B, Canal M, Case-Control Studies, characteristics, Child, Cross E, Female, Grant S, Hare D J, Humans, JL5DK93RCL (Melatonin), Jones S, Langford-Smith K, Lomax M, Mahon L V, Male, Melatonin/me [Metabolism], MPSIIIA, MPSIIIB, Mucopolysaccharidosis III/pp [Physiopathology], PLoS One, Preschool, sleep disturbance/disorders, Sleep/ph [Physiology], Time Factors, Trajectory, Wraith J E
The long-term effects of later life spousal and parental bereavement on personal functioning
Tags: 1995, Adaptation, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Arbuckle NW, Backlog, Bereavement, Bereavement Leave Policy Paper, de Vries B, Family/psychology, Female, Humans, Journal Article, Life Change Events, Male, Psychological, Quality Of Life, Regression Analysis, Sampling Studies, Sex Factors, The Gerontologist, Time Factors, Widowhood/psychology
Increase of plasmatic beta-endorphin immunoreactive material in children in the perioperative period: the influence of the site of surgery
Tags: 2008, Adaptation, Adolescent, Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Analysis of Variance, Bachiocco V, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/blood/immunology, Child, European Journal Of Pediatric Surgery, Female, Gentili A, Humans, Journal Article, Lima M, Linear Models, Male, Mastrolia A, Perioperative Care/statistics & numerical data, Physiological/immunology, Pipitone E, Preschool, Stress/immunology, Time Factors
Understanding Death With Limited Experience In Life: Dying Children's And Adolescents' Understanding Of Their Own Terminal Illness And Death
Tags: 2015, Adolescent, Attitude To Death, Bates Alan T, Child, Communication, Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, Fear, Humans, Kearney Julia A, May 2017 List, Palliative Care/organization & Administration, Palliative Care/psychology, Professional-family Relations, Prognosis, Terminal Care/organization & Administration, Terminal Care/psychology, Terminally Ill/legislation & jurisprudence, Terminally Ill/psychology, Time Factors
Pediatric sedation with analgesia
Tags: 1999, Adolescence, American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Analgesia/adverse effects/methods, Analgesics, Anesthetics, Backlog, Bauman L, Baumann RC, Child, Clinical Protocols, Combination, Comparative Study, Conscious Sedation/adverse effects/methods, Drug Therapy, Fentanyl/therapeutic use, Human, Infant, Intensive Care Units, Intravenous/therapeutic use, Journal Article, Kish I, Opioid/therapeutic use, Pediatric, Politis GD, Preschool, Propofol/therapeutic use, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors
Was there a plan? End-of-life care for children with life-limiting conditions: a review of multi-service healthcare records
Tags: 2014, Adolescent, Advance Directives, advance planning, Backlog, Beringer AJ, Child, child and family wishes, Child: Care, Health and Development, Communication, Decision Making, DNAR, Documentation, End Of Life, Female, Heckford EJ, Humans, Infant, Journal Article, Male, Medical Records, Neoplasms, Neoplasms/mo [mortality], Parents, Parents/px [psychology], Patient Care Planning/og [Organization & Administration], Patient Care Planning/st [Standards], Pediatrics, Physician-patient Relations, Practice Guidelines As Topic, Preschool, Quality Of Life, Resuscitation Orders, Retrospective Studies, Review, Terminal Care, Terminal Care/og [organization & Administration], Terminal Care/px [psychology], Time Factors
Esophageal coin removal by emergency physicians: a continuous quality improvement project incorporating rapid sequence intubation
Tags: 2011, Backlog, Bhargava R, Brown L, Canadian Journal Of Emergency Medical Care, Child, Emergency Medicine/methods, Esophagus/injuries, Female, Foreign Bodies/surgery, Humans, Infant, Intubation/methods, Journal Article, Male, Numismatics, Preschool, Quality Improvement, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors
Health status of bereaved parents
Tags: 1996, Adolescent, Adult, Backlog, Bereavement, Birenbaum LK, Case-Control Studies, Child, Death, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Journal Article, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Neoplasms/psychology, Nursing Research, Parent caregivers, Parents/psychology, Phillips DS, Preschool, Questionnaires, Stewart BJ, Time Factors
Melatonin treatment in individuals with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled study
Tags: 2008, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Backlog, Braam W, Central Nervous System Depressants/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Child, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Curfs L, Didden R, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Journal Article, Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research, Male, Melatonin/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Mental Retardation/epidemiology/psychology, Middle Aged, Preschool, Q3 Scoping Review Results, Saliva, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy/epidemiology/psychology, Smits M, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome
Plasma morphine levels produced by continuous infusion in children
Immune cell-derived beta-endorphin. Production, release, and control of inflammatory pain in rats
Tags: 1997, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/biosynthesis, Biomarkers of Pain, Biomarkers Reference List, Cabot PJ, Carter L, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology, Freund's Adjuvant, Gaiddon C, Genetic, Hindlimb, Humans, Inflammation/physiopathology, Interleukin-1/pharmacology, Journal Article, Loeffler JP, Lymph Nodes/metabolism, Male, Messenger/biosynthesis, Pain/immunology/physiopathology, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/biosynthesis, Rats, Regression Analysis, RNA, Schafer M, Stein C, T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology/metabolism, The Journal Of Clinical Investigation, Time Factors, transcription, Wistar, Zhang Q
Starvation in man
Tags: 1970, Adaptation, Adrenal Cortex Hormones/ph [Physiology], Alanine/me [Metabolism], Backlog, Body Weight, Brain/me [Metabolism], Cahill GF, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Glucagon/me [Metabolism], Gluconeogenesis, Glucose/metabolism, Glucose/pd [Pharmacology], Homeostasis, Human, Insulin/me [Metabolism], Insulin/ph [Physiology], Journal Article, Kidney/me [Metabolism], Liver/me [Metabolism], New England Journal Of Medicine, Nitrogen/me [Metabolism], Nonesterified/me [Metabolism], Physiological, Proteins/me [Metabolism], Starvation/me [Metabolism], Time Factors, Triglycerides/me [Metabolism]
Hormonal response to surgical stress in schoolchildren
Tags: 2001, Adolescent, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood, Alaminos-Mingorance M, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/blood, Biomarkers of Pain, Biomarkers Reference List, Castejon-Casado J, Child, European Journal Of Pediatric Surgery, Humans, Hydrocortisone/blood, Journal Article, Lopez-Candel E, Moreno-Prieto M, Prospective Studies, Ramirez-Navarro A, Stress/blood, Time Factors, Valladares-Mendias JC
Physician-assisted deaths under the euthanasia law in Belgium: a population-based survey
Tags: 2010, 80 And Over, Active, Age Factors, Aged, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Backlog, Belgium/epidemiology, Bilsen J, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Cause Of Death, Chambaere K, Cohen J, Deliens L, Euthanasia, Euthanasia/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Female, Home Care Services/statistics & Numerical Data, Humans, Journal Article, Male, Middle Aged, Mortier F, Neoplasms/therapy, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, Prevalence, Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Suicide, Terminal Care/statistics & Numerical Data, Time Factors, Voluntary/statistics & numerical data
Emotionally focused interventions for couples with chronically ill children: a 2-year follow-up
Tags: 2002, Adaptation, Analysis of Variance, Backlog, Child, Chronic Disease/psychology, Cloutier PF, Cost Of Illness, Family Characteristics, Female, Follow-up Studies, Humans, Intervention, Interventions, Johnson SM, Journal Article, Journal Of Marital And Family Therapy, Male, Manion IG, Marital Therapy/methods, Marriage/psychology, Ontario, Parents/psychology, Preschool, Psychological, Psychological/etiology, Spouses/psychology, Stress, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Walker JG
Sleep problems in children with Sanfilippo syndrome.
Tags: 1996, Backlog, Bax M, Child, Colville GA, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, Female, Humans, Journal Article, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mucopolysaccharidosis III/classification, Mucopolysaccharidosis III/complications, Preschool, Questionnaires, Sleep Disorders/etiology, Sleep Disorders/therapy, Time Factors, Watters JP, Yule W
Hospital charges for a community inpatient palliative care program
Tags: 2004, 80 And Over, Adult, Aged, Backlog, Chi-Square Distribution, Community/economics/utilization, Comparative Study, Cost Control, Cowan JD, Female, Hospital Charges/statistics & numerical data, Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, Humans, Journal Article, Length of Stay/economics/statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Palliative Care/economics/organization & administration/utilization, Patient Admission/economics, Patient Discharge/economics, Referral And Consultation, Tennessee, The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, Time Factors
Moving on from paediatric to adult health care: an initial evaluation of a transition program for young people with cystic fibrosis
Tags: 2007, Adolescent, Adolescent Health Services, Adolescent Transitions, Adult, Age Factors, Backlog, Bibby H, Chronic Disease, Continuity Of Patient Care/organization & Administration, Craig SL, Cross-sectional Studies, Cystic Fibrosis/psychology/therapy, Female, Humans, International Journal Of Adolescent Medicine And Health, Journal Article, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction, Program Development, Program Evaluation, Quality Of Life, Questionnaires, Sickness Impact Profile, Time Factors, Towns S
A Time to Live and a Time to Die: Heterotopian Spatialities and Temporalities in a Pediatric Palliative Care Team
Tags: 2019, Anthropology, Attitude To Death, Child, Communication, Davis C S, Death, Health Communication, Hicks L, Humans, Irvin L, King L, Palliative Care, Parents/psychology, Patient Care Team, pediatric hospitals, Pediatrics, September 2020 List, Shukraft A, Snider M J, Sonda J D, spatial analysis, Time Factors, Uncertainty
Long-term outcome and clinical spectrum of 73 pediatric patients with mitochondrial diseases
Tags: 2007, AIM, Backlog, Cause Of Death, Chevalier I, Child, Cohort Studies, Debray FG, Decarie JC, DNA, DNA Fragmentation, Female, Follow-up Studies, HEREDITARY, Humans, IM, Infant, Journal Article, Lambert M, Leber/di [Diagnosis], Leber/ge [Genetics], Leber/mo [Mortality], Longitudinal Studies, Male, MELAS Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], MELAS Syndrome/mo [Mortality], MELAS Syndrome/th [Therapy], Mitchell GA, Mitochondrial Diseases/di [Diagnosis], Mitochondrial Diseases/ge [Genetics], Mitochondrial Diseases/mo [Mortality], Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/di [Diagnosis], Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/mo [Mortality], Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/th [therapy], Mitochondrial Myopathies/di [Diagnosis], Mitochondrial Myopathies/ge [Genetics], Mitochondrial Myopathies/mo [Mortality], Mitochondrial/ge [Genetics], Newborn, Optic Atrophy, Pediatrics, Preschool, Probability, Proportional Hazards Models, Q3 Scoping Review Results, Retrospective Studies, Robinson BH, Robitaille Y, Severity Of Illness Index, Shoubridge EA, Survival Analysis, Time Factors
Comparison of different bolus doses of morphine for patient-controlled analgesia in children
Tags: 1994, Adolescence, Analgesia, Appendectomy, Backlog, British Journal Of Anaesthesia, Child, Comparative Study, Doyle E, Female, Human, Journal Article, Male, Marshall C, Morphine/administration & dosage/adverse effects, Morton NS, Mottart KJ, Nausea/chemically induced, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pain, Pain Measurement, Patient-Controlled, Postoperative/prevention & control, Sleep/drug effects, Support, Time Factors, Vomiting/chemically induced
Hunger disease
Tags: 2000, Adaptation, Adipose Tissue/metabolism, Appetite/physiology, Backlog, Body Composition, Clinical Nutrition (edinburgh, Scotland), Eating/physiology, Elia M, Energy Metabolism, Health Status, Humans, Hunger/physiology, Journal Article, Nutrition Disorders/metabolism, Nutritional Support, Obesity/metabolism/physiopathology, Physiological, Starvation/metabolism, Time Factors, Weight Loss/physiology
Pediatric out-of-hospital deaths following hospital discharge: a mixed-methods study
Tags: 2016, African Health Sciences, Ansermino JM, Caregivers/psychology, Child, Child Mortality, Communicable Diseases/ mortality, Educational Status, English L, Female, Health Services Accessibility/ statistics & numerical data, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, infectious diseas, Kabakyenga J, Kissoon N, Kiwanuka J, Kumbakumba E, Larson CP, Length Of Stay, Logistic Models, Male, March 2018 List, Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology, Patient Discharge/ statistics & numerical data, Pediatrics, post-discharge mortality, Preschool, Qualitative interviews, Singer J, Time Factors, uganda, Uganda/epidemiology, Water Supply, Wiens MO, Wong H
Status epilepticus in children: aetiology, treatment, and outcome
Tags: 1997, Adolescence, Age Distribution, Anesthetics, Anticonvulsants, Backlog, Barbiturates/ad [Administration & Dosage], Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Diazepam/ad [Administration & Dosage], Drug Administration Schedule, Electroencephalography, Encephalitis/co [Complications], Eriksson KJ, Female, Follow-up Studies, Human, Infant, Intravenous/ad [Administration & Dosage], Journal Article, Koivikko MJ, Male, Meningitis, Nervous System Diseases/ep [Epidemiology], Neuropsychological Tests, Non-U.S. Gov't, Preschool, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Septic/co [Complications], Sex Distribution, Shock, Status Epilepticus/di [Diagnosis], Status Epilepticus/dt [Drug Therapy], Status Epilepticus/ep [Epidemiology], Status Epilepticus/et [Etiology], Streptococcal Infections/co [Complications], Support, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Viral/co [Complications]
No change in serum melatonin, or plasma beta-endorphin levels after sevoflurane anesthesia
Tags: 2007, Adult, Anesthesia, Anesthetics, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/blood/drug effects, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Chasiakos D, Cohort Studies, Dilatation and Curettage/methods, Electroencephalography/methods, Fassoulaki A, Female, General/methods, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Inhalation/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Journal Article, Journal Of Clinical Anesthiology, Kostopanagiotou G, Markantonis S, Melatonin/blood, Meletiou P, Methyl Ethers/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Middle Aged, Oximetry/methods, Oxygen/blood, Postoperative Period, Prospective Studies, Reference Values, Sleep/drug effects, Time Factors
Methadone Conversion In Infants
And Children: Retrospective Cohort Study Of 199 Pediatric Inpatients.
Methadone administration has increased in pediatric clinical settings. This review is an attempt to ascertain an equianalgesic dose ratio for methadone in the pediatric population using standard adult dose conversion…
Tags: 2016, Administration Oral, Adolescent, Age Factors, Analgesics Opioid, Analgesics Opioid/administration & Dosage, Analgesics Opioid/adverse Effects, Child, Child Preschool, Consciousness/drug Effects, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Dosage Calculations, Drug Monitoring, Drug Overdose/etiology, Drug Substitution, Fife A, Flood A, Friedrichsdorf SJ, Hospitals Pediatric, Humans, Infant, Infant Newborn, Inpatients, Intubation Intratracheal, Journal of opioid management, May 2016 List, Methadone, Methadone/administration & Dosage, Methadone/adverse Effects, Minnesota, Pain/diagnosis, Pain/drug Therapy, Pharmacy Service Hospital, Postier A, Respiration Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/etiology, Substances, Tertiary Care Centers, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome
Planning for the end of children's lives--the lifetime framework.
Tags: 2008, Adolescent, Advance Care Planning/st [Standards], Attitude To Death, Backlog, Child, Child Health Services/og [organization & Administration], Child: Care, Health and Development, Decision Making, Delphi Technique, DNAR, Finlay F, Humans, Infant, Journal Article, Lenton S, Lewis M, Palliative Care/st [standards], Parent-child Relations, Poon M, Preschool, Terminal Care/st [standards], Time Factors
Occurrence of withdrawal in critically ill sedated children
Tags: 1999, Adolescent, Analgesics, Artificial, Backlog, Barbiturate/adverse effects, Carl P, Child, Critical Care Medicine, Critical Care/methods, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fonsmark L, Human, Infant, Journal Article, Male, Medical Records, Midazolam/adverse effects, Morphine/adverse effects, Nonbarbiturate/adverse effects, Opioid/adverse Effects, Pentobarbital/adverse effects, Preschool, Rasmussen YH, Respiration, Retrospective Studies, Sedatives, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/etiology/therapy, Time Factors
Bereaved Parents’ and Siblings’ Reports of Legacies Created by Children With Cancer
Tags: 2009, Adaptation, Adolescent, Adult, Backlog, Barrera M, Bereaved Parent, bereaved sibling, Bereavement, Child, Childhood Cancer, Davies B, Fairclough D, Family Relations, Female, Foster TL, Gerhardt CA, Gilmer MJ, Humans, Journal Article, Journal Of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, legacy, Male, Neoplasms/psychology, Parents, Pediatric Death, Psychological, Qualitative Research, sibling bereavement, Siblings, Stress, Time Factors, Vannatta K
Changes in siblings after the death of a child from cancer.
Tags: 2012, Adaptation, Adolescent, Adult, Backlog, Barrera M, Bereavement, Cancer Nursing, Child, Cross-sectional Studies, Davies B, Death, Dietrich MS, Fairclough DL, Female, Foster TL, Gerhardt CA, Gilmer MJ, Humans, IM, Journal Article, Male, Middle Aged, N, Neoplasms, Nursing Methodology Research, Parents, Psychological, Qualitative Research, sibling bereavement, Siblings, Time Factors, Vannatta K
Fasting associated with decrease in hypothalamic beta-endorphin
The course of high-sensitive C-reactive protein in correlation with pain and clinical function in patients with acute lumbosciatic pain and chronic low back pain - a 6 months prospective longitudinal study
Tags: 2006, Acute Disease, Adult, Backlog, Brenner H, Buchner M, C-Reactive Protein/metabolism, Chronic Disease, Cohort Studies, European Journal Of Pain, Female, Gebhardt K, Humans, Journal Article, Low Back Pain/blood/physiopathology/therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Raum E, Recovery of Function/physiology, Richter W, Schiltenwolf M, Sciatica/blood/physiopathology/therapy, Sturmer T, Time Factors
Pediatric acute pain management
Tags: 2000, Acute Disease, Analgesics, Anesthetics, Backlog, Child, Chronic Disease, Galloway KS, Golianu B, Human, Infant, Infusions, Intravenous, Journal Article, Krane EJ, Local/therapeutic use, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Nerve Block/methods, Newborn, Non-Narcotic/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Opioid/administration & dosage/blood/therapeutic use, Pain/drug therapy/physiopathology, Pediatric Clinics of North America, Preschool, Time Factors, Yaster M
Factors influencing death at home in terminally ill patients with cancer: systematic review
Tags: 2006, Attitude To Death, Backlog, Bmj (clinical Research Ed.), Death, Gomes B, Health Services Accessibility, Higginson IJ, Home Care Services/standards/statistics & numerical data/utilization, Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data, House Calls, Humans, Journal Article, Location Of Death, Neoplasms/psychology/therapy, Patient Satisfaction, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Social Support, Terminal Care/psychology/statistics & numerical data/utilization, Terminally Ill/statistics & numerical data, Time Factors
beta-Endorphin and adrenocorticotropin are selected concomitantly by the pituitary gland
Tags: 1977, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood/secretion, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Bloom F, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology, Endorphins/blood/secretion, Guillemin R, Hypophysectomy, Journal Article, Ling N, Male, Minick S, Peptides/secretion, Physiological/blood, Pituitary Gland/secretion, Protein Precursors/secretion, Rats, Rivier C, Rossier J, Science, Stress, Time Factors, Vale W, Vargo T
Course of disability and respiratory function in untreated late-onset Pompe disease
Tags: 2006, 80 And Over, Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Aged, Backlog, Child, Disabled Persons, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-up Studies, Glycogen Storage Disease Type II/physiopathology, Hagemans ML, Hop WJ, Humans, Journal Article, Male, Middle Aged, Neurology, Preschool, Q3 Scoping Review Results, Questionnaires, Respiratory Function Tests, Reuser AJ, Time Factors, Van der Ploeg AT, Van Doorn PA
Ventilatory effects of morphine, pethidine and methadone in children
Tags: 1993, Backlog, British Journal Of Anaesthesia, Chemical, Child, Depression, Female, Hamunen K, Humans, Journal Article, Male, Meperidine/pharmacology, Methadone/pharmacology, Morphine/pharmacology, Non-U.S. Gov't, Oxygen/blood, Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control, Preschool, Research Support, Respiration/drug effects, Tidal Volume/drug effects, Time Factors
Brain metabolism during short-term starvation in humans
Tags: 1994, Adult, Arteries, Backlog, Blood Glucose/analysis, Brain/metabolism, Deoxyglucose/analogs & derivatives/metabolism, Emission-Computed, Female, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Glucose/metabolism, Hageman LP, Hasselbalch SG, Holm S, Humans, Jakobsen J, Journal Article, Journal Of Cerebral Blood Flow And Metabolism, Ketone Bodies/metabolism, Knudsen GM, Male, Non-U.S. Gov't, Osmolar Concentration, Paulson OB, Research Support, Starvation/metabolism, Time Factors, Tissue Distribution, Tomography