Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Lymphocytes upregulate signal sequence-encoding proopiomelanocortin mRNA and beta-endorphin during painful inflammation in vivo

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived beta-endorphin1-31 (END) released from immune cells inhibits inflammatory pain. We examined the expression of END and POMC mRNA encoding the signal sequence required for entry of the nascent polypeptide into the…

Inhibition of inflammatory pain by CRF at peripheral, spinal and supraspinal sites: involvement of areas coexpressing CRF receptors and opioid peptides

There is conflicting evidence on the antinociceptive effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) along the neuraxis of pain transmission and the responsible anatomical sites of CRF's action at the level of the brain, spinal cord and periphery. In…

Sleep deprivation and pain perception

Chronically painful conditions are frequently associated with sleep disturbances, i.e. changes in sleep continuity and sleep architecture as well as increased sleepiness during daytime. A new hypothesis, which has attracted more and more attention,…

Tags: 2006, Animals, Attitude, Backlog, Humans, Journal Article, Krieg JC, Kundermann B, Lautenbacher S, Pain/epidemiology/physiopathology, Rats, REM/physiology, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation/epidemiology/physiopathology, Sleep Medicine Reviews, Sprague-Dawley

CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulating peripheral release of endogenous opioids

CB(2) cannabinoid receptor-selective agonists are promising candidates for the treatment of pain. CB(2) receptor activation inhibits acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain responses but does not cause central nervous system (CNS) effects,…

Opioids and the neuroimmune axis

2005

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, British Journal Of Anaesthesia, Humans, Immune System/drug effects/physiology, Inflammation/immunology, Journal Article, Lambert DG, mu/metabolism, Neuroimmunomodulation/immunology, Opioid, Opioid Peptides/physiology, Opioid/pharmacology, Rats, Receptors, Williams JP

Control of inflammatory pain by chemokine-mediated recruitment of opioid-containing polymorphonuclear cells

Opioid-containing leukocytes can counteract inflammatory hyperalgesia. Under stress or after local injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), opioid peptides are released from leukocytes, bind to opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons…

Tags: 2004, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies/pharmacology, Backlog, Brack A, Cell Count/methods, Cell Movement/physiology, Chemokines, Chemokines/immunology/physiology, Comparative Study, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/therapeutic use, CXC/immunology/metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Routes, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods, Flow Cytometry/methods, Freund's Adjuvant, Gene Expression Regulation/physiology, Immunohistochemistry/methods, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology/metabolism, Interleukin-8B/metabolism, Journal Article, Leder K, Machelska H, Male, Mousa SA, Naloxone/pharmacology, Narcotics/metabolism, Neurogenic Inflammation/chemically induced/complications/therapy, Neutrophils/metabolism, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pain, Pain Measurement, Pain Threshold/drug effects, Pain/etiology/therapy, Rats, Receptors, Research Support, Rittner HL, Schafer M, Stein C, Wistar

Immunohistochemical localization of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in immune cells and spinal cord in a model of inflammatory pain

Recently, two novel highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, have been isolated from bovine as well as human brains and were proposed to be the endogenous ligand for MOR. Later, endomorphin-1 and…

Different mechanisms of intrinsic pain inhibition in early and late inflammation

Neuroimmune interactions control pain through activation of opioid receptors on sensory nerves by immune-derived opioid peptides. Here we evaluate mechanisms of intrinsic pain inhibition at different stages of Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation…

Modulation of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia by central afferent blockade

BACKGROUND: Peripheral tissue injury causes a migration of opioid peptide-containing immune cells to the inflamed site. The subsequent release and action of these peptides on opioid receptors localized on peripheral sensory nerve terminals causes…

Mobilization of opioid-containing polymorphonuclear cells by hematopoietic growth factors and influence on inflammatory pain

BACKGROUND: Leukocytes can control inflammatory pain by secretion of opioid peptides, stimulated by cold-water swimming or local injection of corticotropin-releasing factor, and subsequent activation of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons.…

Tissue monocytes/macrophages in inflammation: hyperalgesia versus opioid-mediated peripheral antinociception

BACKGROUND: Opioid-containing leukocytes migrate to peripheral sites of inflammation. On exposure to stress, opioid peptides are released, bind to opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons, and induce endogenous antinociception. In later stages…

Opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the immune system in humans and in a rodent model of inflammation

Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are tetrapeptides with high affinity and selectivity for the micro-opioid receptor. We have utilized specific radioimmunoassays to characterize EM-1 and EM-2 in immune tissues from normal human subjects and from rats with…

Activation of peripheral NMDA receptors contributes to human pain and rat afferent discharges evoked by injection of glutamate into the masseter muscle

Peripheral N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are found in deep tissues and may play a role in deep tissue pain. Injection of the endogenous NMDA receptor agonist glutamate into the masseter muscle excites deep craniofacial afferent fibers in rats…

Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain

The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (END) as well as mRNA for its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are found not only in the pituitary gland, but also within various types of immune cells infiltrating inflamed sc tissue. During stressful stimuli…

Peripheral opioid receptors mediating antinociception in inflammation. Activation by endogenous opioids and role of the pituitary-adrenal axis

This study investigated the involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating cold water swim (CWS) stress-induced antinociception (SIA) in rats with unilateral hind paw inflammation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Following 0.5, 1…

beta-Endorphin and adrenocorticotropin are selected concomitantly by the pituitary gland

The opiate-like peptide beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin are concomitantly secreted in increased amounts by the adenohypophysis in response to acute stress or long-term adrenalectomy as well as in vitro in response to purified corticotropin…

Fasting associated with decrease in hypothalamic beta-endorphin

In rats that were fasted for 2 to 3 days there was a decline in hypothalamic, but not pituitary, beta-endorphin. There was no change in pituitary or hypothalamic adrenocorticotropin content as a result of fasting. Endogenous opiates may be involved…

Tags: 1980, Animals, Backlog, Corticotropin/metabolism, Endorphins/metabolism, Fasting, Gambert SR, Garthwaite TL, Hagen TC, Hypothalamus/metabolism, Journal Article, Male, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pituitary Gland/metabolism, Pontzer CH, Rats, Research Support, Science, Time Factors

Intermittent but not continuous inescapable footshock stress affects immune responses and immunocyte beta-endorphin concentrations in the rat

It is well known that a variety of stressors influence immune responses. The opioid peptide-beta-endorphin (BE) is deeply involved in stress responses, is synthesized in cells of the immune system, and participates in the modulation of immune…

Age-related changes of beta-endorphin and cholecystokinin in human and rat mononuclear cells

Beta-endorphin (BE) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured in fresh PBMC isolated from human subjects and rats. The BE and CCK PBMC contents increased significantly with age both in human and rat models. Moreover, polyclonal stimulation induced a…

Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: functional role in antinociception

Our previous studies indicate that endogenous opioids (primarily beta-endorphin) released during stressful stimuli can interact with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit nociception in inflamed tissue of rats. This study sought to localize opioid…

Pituitary-adrenal function and hypothalamic beta-endorphin release in vitro following food deprivation

Basal and dexamethasone-suppressed adrenal glucocorticoid secretion and hypothalamic beta-endorphin (BE) release in vitro were investigated in rats deprived of food for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Fasting for up to 48 h neither caused significant changes…

Brain and gut neuropeptides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Neuropeptides, initially thought to be common features of gut and brain, are only synthesized in immune cells and modulate immune functions. The presence and possible functions of these peptides in immune cells in both physiological or pathological…

Novel opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are present in mammalian immune tissues

Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are opioid tetrapeptides, reported within the central nervous system, which have very high specificity and affinity for the mu-opioid receptor. We have used newly developed and well-characterised radioimmunoassays (RIAs)…

Methionine-enkephalin-and Dynorphin A-release from immune cells and control of inflammatory pain

We have previously shown that beta-endorphin (END) is contained and released from memory-type T-cells within inflamed tissue and that it is capable to control pain (J Clin Invest 100(1) (1997) 142). Methionine-enkephalin (MET) and Dynorphin-A (DYN)…

Pain killers of the immune system

1997

Tags: 1997, Animals, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/biosynthesis/physiology, Biomarkers of Pain, Immunohistochemistry, Inflammation/pathology/physiopathology, Journal Article, Messenger/genetics, Nature Medicine, Pain/pathology/physiopathology, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, RNA, Sharp B, T-Lymphocytes/metabolism, Yaksh T

Interleukin 1 beta and corticotropin-releasing factor inhibit pain by releasing opioids from immune cells in inflamed tissue

Local analgesic effects of exogenous opioid agonists are particularly prominent in painful inflammatory conditions and are mediated by opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerves. The endogenous ligands of these receptors, opioid peptides, have…

Tags: 1994, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies/pharmacology, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/immunology/physiology, Biomarkers of Pain, Carter L, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Cyclosporine/pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dynorphins/immunology/physiology, Endorphins/immunology/physiology/secretion, Enkephalin, Humans, Inflammation/immunology/physiopathology, Injections, Interleukin-1/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Journal Article, Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Male, Methionine/immunology/physiology, Naloxone/pharmacology, Pain/immunology/physiopathology/prevention & control, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, Rats, Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Regression Analysis, Schafer M, Somatostatin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Stein C, Wistar

Opioid peptide-expressing leukocytes: identification, recruitment, and simultaneously increasing inhibition of inflammatory pain

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pain can be effectively controlled by an interaction of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve terminals with opioid peptides released from immune cells upon stressful stimulation. To define the source of opioid peptide…

Chronic hypoxia selectively augments rat pulmonary artery Ca2+ and K+ channel-mediated relaxation.

The initiating event in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is felt to be sustained hypoxic vasoconstriction, ultimately leading to vascular remodeling and fixed pulmonary hypertension. During the initial vasospastic phase endogenous vasodilatory pathways…

Systemic hypoxia increases leukocyte emigration and vascular permeability in conscious rats.

We recently observed that acute systemic hypoxia produces rapid increases in leukocyte adherence in the mesenteric microcirculation of the anesthetized rat Wood JG, Johnson JS, Mattioli LF, and Gonzalez NC. J Appl Physiol 87: 1734-1740, 1999; Wood…

Immune cell-derived beta-endorphin. Production, release, and control of inflammatory pain in rats

Localized inflammation of a rat's hindpaw elicits an accumulation of beta-endorphin-(END) containing immune cells. We investigated the production, release, and antinociceptive effects of lymphocyte-derived END in relation to cell trafficking. In…

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