Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Opioids

Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine.…

Tags: 2007, Amino Acid Sequence, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Chronic Disease, Drug Tolerance, Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology, Humans, Journal Article, Ligands, Molecular Sequence Data, Opioid/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Opioid/drug effects, Receptors, Stein C, Zollner C

Association of mortality with the death of a sibling in childhood

Importance: The death of a close relative is associated with an increased mortality risk among the bereaved, but much less is known about the potential association of the death of a sibling in childhood with mortality in this population. Objective:…

Systemic hypoxia increases leukocyte emigration and vascular permeability in conscious rats.

We recently observed that acute systemic hypoxia produces rapid increases in leukocyte adherence in the mesenteric microcirculation of the anesthetized rat Wood JG, Johnson JS, Mattioli LF, and Gonzalez NC. J Appl Physiol 87: 1734-1740, 1999; Wood…

Opioids and the neuroimmune axis

2005

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, British Journal Of Anaesthesia, Humans, Immune System/drug effects/physiology, Inflammation/immunology, Journal Article, Lambert DG, mu/metabolism, Neuroimmunomodulation/immunology, Opioid, Opioid Peptides/physiology, Opioid/pharmacology, Rats, Receptors, Williams JP

Associations between the neuroendocrine and immune systems

Organisms respond to infection with complex adaptations involving bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. The idea of intercellular communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems via common signal…

Tags: 1995, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Blalock JE, Cell Communication, Cytokines/physiology, Hormones/physiology, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology, Immune System/physiology, Interleukins/physiology, Journal Article, Journal Of Leukocyte Biology, Leukocytes/physiology, Neurosecretory Systems/physiology, Signal Transduction, Weigent DA

Glia: novel counter-regulators of opioid analgesia

Development of analgesic tolerance and withdrawal-induced pain enhancement present serious difficulties for the use of opioids for pain control. Although neuronal mechanisms to account for these phenomena have been sought for many decades, their…

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Brain/drug effects/metabolism, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Hutchinson MR, Johnston IN, Journal Article, Maier SF, Neuroglia/drug effects/metabolism, Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism, Nociceptors/drug effects/metabolism, Opioid/administration & dosage, Pain/metabolism/prevention & control, Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism, Trends In Neurosciences, Watkins LR

Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: advances in science, techniques, and outcomes

More than 25% of children survive to hospital discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrests, and 5% to 10% survive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. This review of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation addresses the epidemiology of pediatric…

Molecular pathways leading to cancer cachexia

Loss of body weight in cancer patients strongly influences morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have suggested that both tumor and host factors play a major role in tissue catabolism in cachexia, leading to upregulation of degradative pathways in…

Tags: 2005, Adipose Tissue/metabolism, Animals, Backlog, Blood Proteins/metabolism, Cachexia/etiology/metabolism, Cytokines/metabolism, Humans, Journal Article, Muscle, Neoplasms/complications/metabolism, Peptides/metabolism, Physiology (bethesda), Skeletal/metabolism, Tisdale MJ

No evidence for binding of clozapine, olanzapine and/or haloperidol to selected receptors involved in body weight regulation.

The underlying mechanisms of antipsychotic (AP)-induced weight gain are unknown, but both central and peripheral AP target receptors could potentially be involved. This study used radioligand binding assays to compare the binding affinities of…

Pediatric utilization of rapamycin for severe cardiac allograft rejection

BACKGROUND: Rapamycin is a new immunosuppressive agent that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute cardiac rejection in the adult population. METHODS: This case documents a pediatric patient with ongoing cardiac rejection that did…

Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids

The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting outside the central nervous system, targeting of opioid…

The control of pain in peripheral tissue by opioids

1995

Tags: 1995, Afferent/drug effects, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Humans, Journal Article, Narcotics/therapeutic use, Neurons, Opioid/drug effects, Pain/drug Therapy, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology, Receptors, Stein C, The New England Journal Of Medicine

Lymphocytes upregulate signal sequence-encoding proopiomelanocortin mRNA and beta-endorphin during painful inflammation in vivo

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived beta-endorphin1-31 (END) released from immune cells inhibits inflammatory pain. We examined the expression of END and POMC mRNA encoding the signal sequence required for entry of the nascent polypeptide into the…

Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: An update and effect related to mechanism of drug action

Tricyclic antidepressants and carbamazepine have become the mainstay in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Within the last decade, controlled trials have shown that numerous other drugs relieve such pain. We identified all placebo-controlled trials…

Pain killers of the immune system

1997

Tags: 1997, Animals, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/biosynthesis/physiology, Biomarkers of Pain, Immunohistochemistry, Inflammation/pathology/physiopathology, Journal Article, Messenger/genetics, Nature Medicine, Pain/pathology/physiopathology, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, RNA, Sharp B, T-Lymphocytes/metabolism, Yaksh T

What do we know about the expression of proopiomelanocortin transcripts and related peptides in lymphoid tissue?

1993

Tags: 1993, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Endocrinology, Humans, Journal Article, Linner K, Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism, Messenger/metabolism, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics, RNA, Sharp B

Modulation of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia by central afferent blockade

BACKGROUND: Peripheral tissue injury causes a migration of opioid peptide-containing immune cells to the inflamed site. The subsequent release and action of these peptides on opioid receptors localized on peripheral sensory nerve terminals causes…

Interleukin 1 beta and corticotropin-releasing factor inhibit pain by releasing opioids from immune cells in inflamed tissue

Local analgesic effects of exogenous opioid agonists are particularly prominent in painful inflammatory conditions and are mediated by opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerves. The endogenous ligands of these receptors, opioid peptides, have…

Tags: 1994, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies/pharmacology, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/immunology/physiology, Biomarkers of Pain, Carter L, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Cyclosporine/pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dynorphins/immunology/physiology, Endorphins/immunology/physiology/secretion, Enkephalin, Humans, Inflammation/immunology/physiopathology, Injections, Interleukin-1/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Journal Article, Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Male, Methionine/immunology/physiology, Naloxone/pharmacology, Pain/immunology/physiopathology/prevention & control, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, Rats, Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Regression Analysis, Schafer M, Somatostatin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Stein C, Wistar

Topical and peripherally acting analgesics

Acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain all depend to some degree on the peripheral activation of primary sensory afferent neurons. The localized peripheral administration of drugs, such as by topical application, can potentially…

Tags: 2003, Administration, Afferent/drug effects/metabolism/physiology, Analgesics/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Animals, Backlog, Humans, Journal Article, Neurons, Nociceptors/metabolism/physiology, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pain/drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology, Peripheral Nervous System/drug effects, Pharmacological Reviews, Research Support, Sawynok J, Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology, Topical

Overview of Perinatal Palliative Care in Brazil

Significant attention to palliative care in terminally ill patients has only been effective in Brazil since the year 2000, although there have been isolated actions since the 1980s. When the case involves fetuses or neonates unable to cure,…

Intermittent but not continuous inescapable footshock stress affects immune responses and immunocyte beta-endorphin concentrations in the rat

It is well known that a variety of stressors influence immune responses. The opioid peptide-beta-endorphin (BE) is deeply involved in stress responses, is synthesized in cells of the immune system, and participates in the modulation of immune…

Age-related changes of beta-endorphin and cholecystokinin in human and rat mononuclear cells

Beta-endorphin (BE) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured in fresh PBMC isolated from human subjects and rats. The BE and CCK PBMC contents increased significantly with age both in human and rat models. Moreover, polyclonal stimulation induced a…

Trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality of neuromuscular disease in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study (2003-2014)

Background: Population trends of disease prevalence and incidence over time measure burden of disease and inform healthcare planning. Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) affect muscle and nerve function with varying degrees of severity and disease…

Tags: 2019, Adolescent, Adult, Age, Aged, America, Amin R, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/ep [Epidemiology], Animals, APEC countries, Article, August 2019 List, Bai Y, Canada, Child, childhood disease/ep [Epidemiology], childhood diseases, Children, Chordata, Cohort Analysis, Cohort Studies, Commonwealth of Nations, Controlled Study, Data Base, death rate, Developed Countries, Disease Course, disease prevalence, Disease Progression, Eukaryotes, Female, Gershon A, Goldstein R, Health Care, health Insurance, Hominidae, Homo, Human, Human Diseases, Incidence, Infant, International Classification of Diseases, Katz S, Leasa D, Major Clinical Study, Male, Mammals, Man, McKim D, Middle Aged, Mortality, mortality rates, muscles, neuromuscular disease/ep [Epidemiology], Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuromuscular Disorders, Nonoyama M, North America, OECD Countries, Ontario, Palliative Care, Palliative Therapy, planning, PLoS One, Population Research, Preschool Child, Prevalence, Primates, Retrospective Studies, Retrospective Study, Rose L, School Child, sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy/ep [Epidemiology], Spine, Survival, Tandon A, trend study, Trends, Vertebrates, Young Adult

Chronic hypoxia selectively augments rat pulmonary artery Ca2+ and K+ channel-mediated relaxation.

The initiating event in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is felt to be sustained hypoxic vasoconstriction, ultimately leading to vascular remodeling and fixed pulmonary hypertension. During the initial vasospastic phase endogenous vasodilatory pathways…

Harnessing social networks along with consumer-driven electronic communication technologies to identify and engage members of 'hard-to-reach' populations: a methodological case report

BACKGROUND: Sampling in the absence of accurate or comprehensive information routinely poses logistical, ethical, and resource allocation challenges in social science, clinical, epidemiological, health service and population health research. These…

Tags: 2010, Animals, Anthropology, Backlog, Bmc Medical Research Methodology, Cats, Cultural, Diabetes Mellitus/veterinary, Dogs, Electronic Mail, Humans, Journal Article, Online Systems, Patient Selection, Rock MJ, Sampling Studies

Leukocytes in the regulation of pain and analgesia

When tissue is destroyed or invaded by leukocytes in inflammation, numerous mediators are delivered by the circulation and/or liberated from resident and immigrated cells at the site. Proalgesic mediators include proinflammatory cytokines,…

Opioid peptide-expressing leukocytes: identification, recruitment, and simultaneously increasing inhibition of inflammatory pain

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pain can be effectively controlled by an interaction of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve terminals with opioid peptides released from immune cells upon stressful stimulation. To define the source of opioid peptide…

Beta-Endorphin Response to an Acute Pain Stimulus

The timing of the measurement of biological samples (e.g. biomarkers) is not always standardized. Biomarkers are the focus of many recent studies and treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine the timing of the release of beta-endorphin…

Proopiomelanocortin, a polypeptide precursor with multiple functions: from physiology to pathological conditions

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the polypeptide precursor of ACTH. First discovered in anterior pituitary corticotroph cells, it has more recently been revealed to have many other physiological aspects. The fine molecular mechanisms of ACTH…

Tags: 2003, Animals, Backlog, Bertagna X, Biomarkers of Pain, de Keyzer Y, European Journal Of Endocrinology, Female, Humans, Journal Article, Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology, Neuropeptides/metabolism, Pregnancy, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology, Raffin-Sanson ML

Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: functional role in antinociception

Our previous studies indicate that endogenous opioids (primarily beta-endorphin) released during stressful stimuli can interact with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit nociception in inflamed tissue of rats. This study sought to localize opioid…

Aspects of altered metabolism in children with cancer

Severe weight loss associated with cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity in cases of childhood malignancy. The etiology is not completely understood but is probably multifactorial, including reduced ingestion and altered metabolism of…

Tags: 1998, Animals, Backlog, Cachexia/etiology, Child, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Interleukin-1/physiology, Interleukin-6/physiology, International Journal Of Cancer. Supplement, Journal Article, Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/physiopathology, Nutritional Failure, Nutritional Requirements, Picton SV, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology

Directives of adequacy of the therapeutic effort in children. Experience of the Pediatric Palliative Care Unit of Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (2009-2015)

Introduction: In certain patients, "directives on the adequacy of therapeutic effort" (DAET) known as advanced care planning are important tools to align medical care to patient's and family's objectives of care. Purpose: To describe characteristics…

Peripheral opioid receptors mediating antinociception in inflammation. Activation by endogenous opioids and role of the pituitary-adrenal axis

This study investigated the involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating cold water swim (CWS) stress-induced antinociception (SIA) in rats with unilateral hind paw inflammation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Following 0.5, 1…

Enteric nervous system and developmental abnormalities in childhood

ENS consists of a complex network of neurons, organised in several plexuses, which interact by means of numerous neurotransmitters. It is capable of modulating the intestinal motility, exocrine and endocrine secretions, microcirculation and immune…

Brain and gut neuropeptides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Neuropeptides, initially thought to be common features of gut and brain, are only synthesized in immune cells and modulate immune functions. The presence and possible functions of these peptides in immune cells in both physiological or pathological…

Breaking the pain connection

2008

Tags: 2008, Animals, Backlog, Journal Article, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics/metabolism, Nature Medicine, Pain/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism, Pallen CJ, Peptides/therapeutic use, Protein Binding, Receptors, Signal Transduction/drug effects, src-Family Kinases/genetics/metabolism

Contractile mechanisms of action of gastroprokinetic agents: cisapride, metoclopramide, and domperidone

We investigated the contractile mechanisms of action of three putative gastroprokinetic agents (cisapride, metoclopramide, and domperidone) on the linear phase of gastroduodenal emptying of solid meals in six healthy conscious dogs. The spatial and…

Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain

The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (END) as well as mRNA for its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are found not only in the pituitary gland, but also within various types of immune cells infiltrating inflamed sc tissue. During stressful stimuli…

Immunohistochemical localization of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in immune cells and spinal cord in a model of inflammatory pain

Recently, two novel highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, have been isolated from bovine as well as human brains and were proposed to be the endogenous ligand for MOR. Later, endomorphin-1 and…

Inhibition of inflammatory pain by CRF at peripheral, spinal and supraspinal sites: involvement of areas coexpressing CRF receptors and opioid peptides

There is conflicting evidence on the antinociceptive effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) along the neuraxis of pain transmission and the responsible anatomical sites of CRF's action at the level of the brain, spinal cord and periphery. In…

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