Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Opioid use in palliative care of children and young people with cancer

OBJECTIVE: Identify opioids prescribed, preferred routes, and doses among children with incurable cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective survey with monthly questionnaires regarding patients 0 to 19 years old from oncology centers. Data were collected by…

Should we be reluctant to prescribe opioids for chronic non-malignant pain?

2007

Tags: 2007, Analgesics, Attitude Of Health Personnel, Backlog, Chronic Disease, Fields HL, Humans, Journal Article, Neoplasms/complications, Opioid-Related Disorders/etiology/prevention & control, Opioid/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Pain, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Physician's Practice Patterns/trends

Is there any evidence to support the use of anti-depressants in painful rheumatological conditions? Systematic review of pharmacological and clinical studies

The aim of this study was to review the evidence supporting the use of anti-depressants in painful rheumatological conditions. A systematic review of papers published between 1966 and 2007, in five European languages, on anti-depressants in…

Propofol use in pediatric patients with severe cancer pain at the end of life

This article describes the use and effectiveness of adjuvant propofol for pain control for pediatric oncology patients at the end of life. All patients experienced severe pain and agitation, not well controlled by continuous infusion opioids and…

Tags: 2007, Backlog, Bostrom B, Child, Grund E, Hooke MC, Humans, Journal Article, Journal Of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, McCormick P, Miller B, Neoplasms/complications, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Palliative Care, Propofol/therapeutic use, Quammen H, Terminal Care

Analgesic effects of topical methadone: a report of four cases

Topical morphine has been used on open wounds for pain management, but has a variable duration of action not suitable for palliative dressing changes. The objective of this study is to find an opioid and delivery method that would provide…

Summary proceedings from the neonatal pain-control group

Recent advances in neurobiology and clinical medicine have established that the fetus and newborn may experience acute, established, and chronic pain. They respond to such noxious stimuli by a series of complex biochemical, physiologic, and…

Tramadol: does it have a role in cancer pain management?

Tramadol (Ultram, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc., Raritan, NJ) is considered a Step 2 analgesic under the World Health Organization's guidelines for the treatment of patients with cancer pain. It is a centrally acting analgesic that has affinity…

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Backlog, Humans, Journal Article, Journal of opioid management, Methadone, Neoplasms/complications, Opioid/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Prommer EE, Tramadol/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use

[Management of cancer pain in children]

Pain and cancer cannot be dissociated. A particular feature observed in children is that the child exhibits a certain psychomotor atony with increasing pain. The child complains less and less, making it difficult to recognize the degree of suffering…

Tags: 2006, Analgesics/therapeutic use, Annales pharmaceutiques françaises, Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects, Backlog, Bourdon O, Brion F, Chemistry, Child, English Abstract, Humans, Iatrogenic Disease, Journal Article, Neoplasms/complications, Pain Measurement, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, PedPal Lit, Pharmaceutical

The decision to use topical anesthetic for intravenous insertion in the pediatric emergency department

OBJECTIVES: Topical anesthetic creams to reduce the pain of intravenous (IV) placement may be more effectively used in the emergency setting if they are applied by nurses in the triage area of the emergency department or soon after the patient is…

Beta-endorphin concentration after administration of sucrose in preterm infants

BACKGROUND: Sucrose is an effective analgesic for procedural pain in preterm infants. It has been hypothesized that its analgesic effects are mediated by the release of endogenous opioid neurotransmitters such as beta-endorphin. OBJECTIVE: To…

Oral morphine and respiratory function amongst hospice inpatients with advanced cancer

BACKGROUND: Respiratory depression is the opioid adverse effect feared most by physicians. This may hinder adequate dosing in cancer pain. The study was conducted to examine the respiratory function of patients with advanced cancer receiving…

Intravenous fentanyl for cancer pain: a "fast titration" protocol for the emergency room

Patients with cancer sometimes are admitted to the emergency room due to severe pain. Despite the fact that morphine's hydrophilicity can delay its peak effects after intravenous administration up to 30 minutes, it is still the most commonly used…

Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children

Methadone use in cancer patients with pain: a review

In recent years a better understanding of the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties of methadone, including equianalgesic ratios has led to its increased use as a second line opioid for the treatment of pain in patients with cancer. Methadone…

Tags: 2002, Analgesics, Backlog, Bruera E, Drug Interactions, Humans, Journal Article, Journal of Palliative Medicine, Methadone/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use, Neoplasms/complications, Opioid/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Sweeney C

Treatment of pediatric chronic pain with tramadol hydrochloride: siblings with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Hypermobility type

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride for the treatment of chronic pain refractory to previous treatment in two pediatric patients. METHODS: Tramadol hydrochloride was administered (50 mg/day to 150 mg/day) to two…

Tags: 2004, Analgesics, Backlog, Brown SC, Child, Chronic Disease, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/complications, Humans, Joint Instability/etiology, Journal Article, Male, Opioid/administration & dosage, Pain Research & Management, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Preschool, Stinson J, Tramadol/administration & dosage

Ketamine in chronic pain management: an evidence-based review

Ketamine has diverse effects that may be of relevance to chronic pain including: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, kainate, gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors; inhibition of voltage gated Na(+) and…

Tags: 2003, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Backlog, Chronic Disease, Cousins MJ, Evidence-based Medicine, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/therapeutic use, Hocking G, Humans, Journal Article, Ketamine/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Methadone, Pain/drug therapy/etiology

Use of opioids in the treatment of severe pain in terminally ill patients--dying should not be painful

Pain is a common symptom at the end of life. The vast majority of pain can be readily managed if simple principles of practice are followed. Chronic pain requires continuous analgesia, and severe pain requires use of strong analgesics, most commonly…

Opioid rotation in patients with cancer pain. A retrospective comparison of dose ratios between methadone, hydromorphone, and morphine

BACKGROUND. When a change of opioid is considered, equianalgesic dose tables are used. These tables generally propose a dose ratio of 5:1 between morphine and hydromorphone. In the case of a change from subcutaneous hydromorphone to methadone, dose…

Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of immediate release and controlled release hydromorphone for chronic severe cancer pain

BACKGROUND. The short elimination half-life of hydromorphone necessitates 4-hourly dosing to maintain optimal levels of analgesia in patients with chronic cancer pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of…

Patient-controlled analgesia for mucositis pain in children: a three-period crossover study comparing morphine and hydromorphone

OBJECTIVES: (1) To test the safety and efficacy of a clinical protocol for administering opioid by using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for the management of mucositis pain in children after bone marrow transplantation, (2) to compare the…

Misconceptions about morphine use in cancer patients

1994

Tags: 1994, American Pharmacy, Backlog, Berry J, Humans, Journal Article, Morphine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Neoplasms/drug therapy/physiopathology, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Palliative Care

Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: An update and effect related to mechanism of drug action

Tricyclic antidepressants and carbamazepine have become the mainstay in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Within the last decade, controlled trials have shown that numerous other drugs relieve such pain. We identified all placebo-controlled trials…

The pharmacological management of cancer pain

2001

Tags: 2001, Analgesics/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Backlog, Central Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced/therapy, Cherny NI, Conscious Sedation, Decision Making, Drug Administration Routes, Drug Administration Schedule, European Journal Of Cancer, Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced/therapy, Humans, Journal Article, Neoplasms/complications, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Respiration Disorders/chemically induced/therapy, Urinary Retention/chemically induced/therapy

Pain management in children

Interest in the management and study of pain in children has increased in recent years. A range of techniques appropriate to children with different developmental levels is now available for the assessment of various aspects of childhood pain. A…

Tags: 1991, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Backlog, British Medical Bulletin, Child, Goldman A, Humans, Infant, Journal Article, Lloyd-Thomas AR, Narcotics/therapeutic use, Neoplasms/complications, Newborn, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use, Pain, Pain Measurement/methods, Pain/drug therapy/etiology, Postoperative/drug therapy, Preschool

Opioid switch to oral methadone in cancer pain

The occurrence of undesirable side effects due to opioids (delirium, confusion, myoclonus, nausea, emesis) is one of the major complications in the management of pain, especially in chronic cancer pain states. Methadone, as an alternative to…

Population pharmacokinetics of oral morphine and its glucuronides in children receiving morphine as immediate-release liquid or sustained-release tablets for cancer pain

OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the pharmacokinetics of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) in children with cancer receiving morphine as immediate-release morphine liquid or sustained-release tablets. (2) To…

A comparison of two regimens of patient-controlled analgesia for children with sickle cell disease

Recently, patient controlled analgesia (PCA) has gained prominence in the treatment of pain for children suffering from vaso-occlusive crisis associated with sickle cell disease. Because there are several different regimens that can be used for PCA,…

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