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Opioids

Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine.…

Tags: 2007, Amino Acid Sequence, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Chronic Disease, Drug Tolerance, Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology, Humans, Journal Article, Ligands, Molecular Sequence Data, Opioid/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Opioid/drug effects, Receptors, Stein C, Zollner C

Challenges in using opioids to treat pain in persons with substance use disorders

Pain and substance abuse co-occur frequently, and each can make the other more difficult to treat. A knowledge of pain and its interrelationships with addiction enhances the addiction specialist's efficacy with many patients, both in the substance…

Glia: novel counter-regulators of opioid analgesia

Development of analgesic tolerance and withdrawal-induced pain enhancement present serious difficulties for the use of opioids for pain control. Although neuronal mechanisms to account for these phenomena have been sought for many decades, their…

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Brain/drug effects/metabolism, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Hutchinson MR, Johnston IN, Journal Article, Maier SF, Neuroglia/drug effects/metabolism, Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism, Nociceptors/drug effects/metabolism, Opioid/administration & dosage, Pain/metabolism/prevention & control, Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism, Trends In Neurosciences, Watkins LR

Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids

The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting outside the central nervous system, targeting of opioid…

Oral opioid therapy for chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain

BACKGROUND: Although opioids are commonly used to treat chronic neuropathic pain, there are limited data to guide their use. Few controlled trials have been performed, and many types of neuropathic pain remain unstudied. METHODS: Adults with…

Clinical efficacy of methadone in patients refractory to other mu-opioid receptor agonist analgesics for management of terminal cancer pain. Case presentations and discussion of incomplete cross-tolerance among opioid agonist analgesics

BACKGROUND. Development of tolerance to opioid analgesics occurs often in patients with cancer-related pain. Cross-tolerance among opioid analgesics provides the physician with a major management problem. Incomplete cross-tolerance among opioid…

Use of methadone in the morphine-tolerant burned paediatric patient

We describe the successful use of methadone in the restoration of sedation and provision of analgesia in two morphine-tolerant, paediatric patients who had suffered significant thermal injuries and were undergoing mechanical ventilation. Both…

Can we use methadone for analgesia in neonates?

2001

Tags: 2001, Adult, Analgesia/methods, Analgesics, Anand KJ, Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, Backlog, Chana SK, Child, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Infant, Journal Article, Methadone, Newborn, Opioid/adverse Effects, Preschool

Methadone titration in opioid-resistant cancer pain

AIM: To assess the use of methadone in patients with cancer pain who fail to respond to increasing doses of other opioids or experience intolerable side-effects from them. METHOD: Inpatients of a specialist palliative care unit were titrated onto…

Tolerance, withdrawal, and physical dependency after long-term sedation and analgesia of children in the pediatric intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE: To describe the consequences of the prolonged administration of sedative and analgesic agents to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patient. The problems to be investigated include tolerance, physical dependency, and withdrawal. DATA…

Tags: 2000, Analgesics/adverse effects, Backlog, Child, Critical Care Medicine, Drug Tolerance, Human, Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects, Intensive Care Units, Journal Article, Pediatric, Risk Factors, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology, Time Factors, Tobias JD

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