Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Antiepileptic drug therapy for adults: when to initiate and how to choose

Although antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are commonly used to control and prevent seizures, their long-term use carries a considerable risk of morbidity. The decision to start AEDs is made once the risks of further seizures outweigh the risks of…

Mapping the journey of cancer patients through health care system. Part 1: developing the research question

This is the first in a series of articles relating results from research which constructed a complete history of interactions with the health care system from available data sources for all patients diagnosed in 1990 with primary breast, colorectal,…

Mapping the journey of cancer patients through the health care system. Part 2: Methodological approaches and basic findings

This is the second in a series of articles from a line of research whose intent was to construct a complete history of interactions with the health care system. This paper provides details of the methods developed to collect and collate the scattered…

The Role of Social Support in Coping with Daily Pain among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Using a daily process methodology, the current study examined the role of social support in coping and pain severity among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Seventy-three adults with RA completed a structured record twice daily for one week on…

The 2002 Schering Lecture. Children's cancer symptom experiences: keeping the spirit alive in children and their families

Despite the finding that each child and family experienced cancer in their own unique way, they all shared the need to maintain a sense of spirit. Just as the suffering united the families, so too did their sense of spirit. Talk of the spirit is not…

Beta-endorphin disregulation in autistic and self-injurious behavior: a neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) influence neurodevelopmental processes. Earlier studies indicated that MSH/ACTH compounds improved behavioral efficiency in retarded individuals. Recent studies have shown that opiate blockers reduce…

Tags: 1988, Adult, Autistic Disorder/drug therapy/physiopathology, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/blood/physiology, Clinical Trials, Comparative Study, Developmental Disabilities/drug therapy/physiopathology, Homeostasis, Humans, Journal Article, Male, Naloxone/therapeutic use, Naltrexone/diagnostic use, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Sandman CA, Synapse (new York, N.Y.)

The assessment of values in laryngeal cancer: reliability of measurement methods

Although quantitative estimates of patients' attitudes toward the relative importance of different aspects of health are of great potential usefulness in medical decision making, there is little information about the stability of such values over…

Diphosphonates: history and mechanisms of action

The history of diphosphonates began with studies of inorganic pyrophosphate. This compound was found to occur in many biological fluids and inhibited the precipitation of calcium phosphates. It also slowed the transformation of amorphous calcium…

The nature of opioid responsiveness and its implications for neuropathic pain: new hypotheses derived from studies of opioid infusions

In recent years, the observation that the response of patients to opioid drugs may be influenced by properties inherent in the pain or pain syndrome, such as its pathophysiology, has evolved into the belief that certain types of pain, e.g.,…

Effects of framing and level of probability on patients' preferences for cancer chemotherapy

Although most clinicians agree that patients should be informed about treatment alternatives, little is known about the way patients perceive probabilistic information about treatment outcomes and how it influences the choices they make. The purpose…

Death of a child at home or in the hospital: subsequent psychological adjustment of the family

Twenty-four families who had participated in a Home Care Program for children terminally ill with cancer and 13 families of similar children who had died in the hospital completed inventories on parent and sibling personality as well as family…

Sublingual absorption of selected opioid analgesics

Ongoing interest in the improvement of pain management with opioid analgesics had led to the investigation of sublingual opioid absorption. The present report determined the percent absorption of selected opioid analgesics from the oral cavity of…

The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine

The question of suffering and its relation to organic illness has rarely been addressed in the medical literature. This article offers a description of the nature and causes of suffering in patients undergoing medical treatment. A distinction based…

Tags: 1982, Backlog, Cassel EJ, Disease, Emotions, Holistic Health, Humans, Journal Article, Medical, Non-P.H.S., Pain/psychology, Patients/psychology, Philosophy, Research Support, Sick Role, The New England Journal Of Medicine, Therapeutics, U.S. Gov't

On the elicitation of preferences for alternative therapies

We investigated how variations in the way information is presented to patients influence their choices between alternative therapies. Data were presented summarizing the results of surgery and radiation therapy for lung cancer to 238 ambulatory…

Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of caregiving

Existing empirical literature on the prolonged or cumulative consequences of exposure to the stresses of caregiving is reviewed. Specific goals are to identify psychiatric and physical morbidity effects, report the magnitude of those effects,…

Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden

1980

Tags: 1980, Aged, Bach-Peterson J, Backlog, Dementia/rehabilitation, Guilt, Humans, Journal Article, Life Support Care, P.H.S., Reever KE, Research Support, The Gerontologist, U.S. Gov't, Zarit SH

Elderly psychiatric patient status and caregiver perceptions as predictors of caregiver burden

Husbands and wives as caregivers: antecedents of depression and burden

Contrasting predictors of depression among 101 men and 214 women providing care to spouses suffering from Alzheimer's Disease indicated that the sole predictor for husbands was ill health, whereas for wives less emotional investment was also…

Tags: 1989, Alzheimer Disease/psychology, Backlog, Depression, Home Nursing/psychology, Humans, Interviews, Journal Article, Marriage, Mental Health, P.H.S., Pruchno RA, Regression Analysis, Resch NL, Research Support, Sex Factors, The Gerontologist, U.S. Gov't

Combat experience and emotional health: impairment and resilience in later life

War's influence on emotional health includes potential psychological gains as well as losses. In a sample of 149 veterans from longitudinal samples at the Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, this study explores two…

The effects of self-help and psychotherapy intervention on child loss: the limits of recovery

Results of a longitudinal study of the effects of bereaved parents' participation in a self-help group and in psychotherapy are presented. Active self-help group participants evidenced unique changes in attitudes about bereavement. Reasons for lack…

Fasting associated with decrease in hypothalamic beta-endorphin

In rats that were fasted for 2 to 3 days there was a decline in hypothalamic, but not pituitary, beta-endorphin. There was no change in pituitary or hypothalamic adrenocorticotropin content as a result of fasting. Endogenous opiates may be involved…

Tags: 1980, Animals, Backlog, Corticotropin/metabolism, Endorphins/metabolism, Fasting, Gambert SR, Garthwaite TL, Hagen TC, Hypothalamus/metabolism, Journal Article, Male, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pituitary Gland/metabolism, Pontzer CH, Rats, Research Support, Science, Time Factors

Life threatening illness and hospice care.

A retrospective study was undertaken of 25 families and their 26 ill children attending the first children's hospice in the United Kingdom. The study examined the family's perceptions of the care offered and the impact of chronic and life threatening…

Palliative care for children with cancer--home, hospital, or hospice?

1990

Tags: 1990, Archives of Disease in Childhood, Backlog, Beardsmore S, Child, Goldman A, Home Nursing, Humans, Hunt J, Journal Article, Location Of Death, Neoplasms/therapy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Palliative Care, Patient Care Team, Research Support, Terminal Care

Patient-controlled dose regimen of methadone for chronic cancer pain

Fourteen patients with severe cancer pain participated in a trial of methadone given in a fixed dose (10 mg) but at intervals selected by the patients themselves during the loading phase. The aim was to achieve rapid pain relief while avoiding the…

Whose utilities for decision analysis?

The goal of this study was to examine sources of variation in the utilities assigned to health states. The authors selected a common clinical problem, carcinoma of the rectum, and examined the utilities assigned to colostomy, a common outcome of…

Decisions about life-sustaining treatment. Impact of physicians' behaviors on the family

BACKGROUND: Despite the growing availability of advance directives, most patients in the intensive care unit lack written directives, and, therefore, consultation with families about treatment decisions remains the rule. In the context of decision…

Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. The patient's perspective

OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of warfarin therapy for the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation from the perspective of patients using 2 different elicitation methods. DESIGN: All patients completed…

Infantile systemic hyalinosis in siblings: clinical report, biochemical and ultrastructural findings, and review of the literature

A boy presented at age 3.5 months with joint contractures, restlessness, and pain on handling. His skin was thickened and there were livid-red macular lesions over bony prominences. Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) was diagnosed, a presumably…

A Phase I, open label, dose ranging trial of intravenous bolus zoledronic acid, a novel bisphosphonate, in cancer patients with metastatic bone disease

BACKGROUND: Bone metastases typically are associated with osteolytic bone destruction, resulting in bone pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of normal and pathologic bone…

Malnutrition at diagnosis of malignancy in childhood: common but mostly missed

A prospective, controlled study of nutritional status in 100 newly diagnosed paediatric oncology patients is reported. Results showed that although patients' height-for-age and weight-for-height were normal, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and…

Work, knowledge and argument in specialist consultations: incorporating tacit knowledge into system design and development

To understand how video telephone technology could support consultations between pathologists and surgeons, this study looked at what constitutes 'work' in clinical consultations. Using several methods (participant observation, video and interviews),…

Tags: 1993, Backlog, Clinical, Communication, Hospital, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Journal Article, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Medical Staff, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nyce JM, Pathology, Research Support, Surgery, Timpka T

Comparison of continuous subcutaneous and intravenous hydromorphone infusions for management of cancer pain

To compare the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous and intravenous infusion of opioid analgesics, a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial was carried out in inpatients. 15 patients with severe cancer pain received two 48 h infusions of…

Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: functional role in antinociception

Our previous studies indicate that endogenous opioids (primarily beta-endorphin) released during stressful stimuli can interact with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit nociception in inflamed tissue of rats. This study sought to localize opioid…

Pituitary-adrenal function and hypothalamic beta-endorphin release in vitro following food deprivation

Basal and dexamethasone-suppressed adrenal glucocorticoid secretion and hypothalamic beta-endorphin (BE) release in vitro were investigated in rats deprived of food for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Fasting for up to 48 h neither caused significant changes…

Patient-controlled analgesia for mucositis pain in children: a three-period crossover study comparing morphine and hydromorphone

OBJECTIVES: (1) To test the safety and efficacy of a clinical protocol for administering opioid by using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for the management of mucositis pain in children after bone marrow transplantation, (2) to compare the…

Novel opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are present in mammalian immune tissues

Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are opioid tetrapeptides, reported within the central nervous system, which have very high specificity and affinity for the mu-opioid receptor. We have used newly developed and well-characterised radioimmunoassays (RIAs)…

Positive psychological states and coping with severe stress

Providing care to a spouse or partner who is dying and then losing that person are among the most stressful of human experiences. A longitudinal study of the caregiving partners of men with AIDS showed that in addition to intense negative…

Tags: 1997, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology/therapy, Adaptation, Backlog, Bereavement, Caregivers/psychology, Death, Folkman S, Humans, Journal Article, Male, Models, P.H.S., Psychological, Research Support, Social science & medicine, Stress, U.S. Gov't

Systemic lidocaine for neuropathic pain relief

The effectiveness of systemic lidocaine in relieving acute and chronic pain has been recognized for over 35 years. In particular, systemic lidocaine has been utilized both as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for intractable neuropathic pain during…

Tags: 2000, Administration, Analgesics/administration & dosage/diagnostic use/therapeutic use, Animals, Backlog, Chen LL, Humans, Journal Article, Lidocaine/administration & dosage/diagnostic use/therapeutic use, Mao J, Mexiletine/therapeutic use, Neuralgia/drug therapy/metabolism, Oral, P.H.S., Pain, Research Support, Sodium Channel Blockers, U.S. Gov't

An update on the clinical use of methadone for cancer pain

Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist considered a second choice drug in the management of cancer pain. Methadone has a number of unique characteristics including excellent oral and rectal absorption, no known active metabolites, high potency, low…

Tags: 1997, Administration, Analgesics, Backlog, Bruera E, Evaluation Studies, Humans, Journal Article, Methadone/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Neoplasms/drug therapy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Opioid/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Oral, Pain, Palliative Care/trends, Rectal, Research Support, Ripamonti C, Zecca E

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache

A computer and a hand search of the literature recovered 33 papers from which 25 trials suitable for meta-analysis were identified. We compared the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural treatments with the waiting list control and alternative…

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