Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Opioids

Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine.…

Tags: 2007, Amino Acid Sequence, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Chronic Disease, Drug Tolerance, Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology, Humans, Journal Article, Ligands, Molecular Sequence Data, Opioid/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Opioid/drug effects, Receptors, Stein C, Zollner C

Associations between the neuroendocrine and immune systems

Organisms respond to infection with complex adaptations involving bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. The idea of intercellular communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems via common signal…

Tags: 1995, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Blalock JE, Cell Communication, Cytokines/physiology, Hormones/physiology, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology, Immune System/physiology, Interleukins/physiology, Journal Article, Journal Of Leukocyte Biology, Leukocytes/physiology, Neurosecretory Systems/physiology, Signal Transduction, Weigent DA

Analysis of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) messenger ribonucleic acid and POMC-derived peptides in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: no evidence for a lymphocyte-derived POMC system

A number of recent studies suggest that cells of the immune system, e.g. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), can synthesize and process POMC and secrete POMC-derived peptides, such as ACTH and endorphins, upon immune and hormonal challenges.…

Pain reactivity and plasma beta-endorphin in children and adolescents with autistic disorder

BACKGROUND: Reports of reduced pain sensitivity in autism have prompted opioid theories of autism and have practical care ramifications. Our objective was to examine behavioral and physiological pain responses, plasma beta-endorphin levels and their…

Pediatricians' management practices for chronic pain

OBJECTIVE: While research has established that pediatric pain is undertreated, it is unclear who should have primary responsibility for its management. This study asks pediatricians who they believe should treat pain and how pain should be assessed…

Tags: 2010, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Feeg V, Journal Article, Journal of Palliative Medicine, Knapp CA, Madden VL, Shenkman EA, Thompson LA

Mass spectrometry for the quantification of bioactive peptides in biological fluids

The study of pharmacologically active peptides is central to the understanding of disease and development of novel therapies. It would be advantageous to monitor the fate of bioactive peptides in biological fluids and tissues following their in vivo…

Tags: 2007, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Body Fluids/metabolism, Chemical Fractionation/methods, Journal Article, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Mass Spectrometry/methods, Peptides/analysis/chemistry, Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis/chemistry, Specimen Handling/methods, Tamvakopoulos C

Beta-endorphin concentration after administration of sucrose in preterm infants

BACKGROUND: Sucrose is an effective analgesic for procedural pain in preterm infants. It has been hypothesized that its analgesic effects are mediated by the release of endogenous opioid neurotransmitters such as beta-endorphin. OBJECTIVE: To…

Local analgesic effect of endogenous opioid peptides

Opioids produce analgesia by interacting with local opioid receptors in peripheral inflamed tissue. This study investigated whether endogenous ligands of these receptors are present in synovia and whether such opioid peptides can inhibit pain by…

The control of pain in peripheral tissue by opioids

1995

Tags: 1995, Afferent/drug effects, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Humans, Journal Article, Narcotics/therapeutic use, Neurons, Opioid/drug effects, Pain/drug Therapy, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology, Receptors, Stein C, The New England Journal Of Medicine

Lymphocytes upregulate signal sequence-encoding proopiomelanocortin mRNA and beta-endorphin during painful inflammation in vivo

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived beta-endorphin1-31 (END) released from immune cells inhibits inflammatory pain. We examined the expression of END and POMC mRNA encoding the signal sequence required for entry of the nascent polypeptide into the…

Impact of setting of care on pain management in patients with cancer: a multicentre cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: No study has so far addressed whether differences do exist in the management of cancer-related pain in patients admitted to oncology and non-oncology settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multicentre cross-sectional study in 48 Italian…

Tags: 2010, Annals Of Oncology : Official Journal Of The European Society For Medical Oncology / Esmo, Backlog, Bandieri E, Belfiglio M, Biomarkers of Pain, Di Biagio K, Journal Article, Luppi M, Ripamonti CI, Romero M, Sichetti D, Tognoni G, Working Group for ECAD

Endogenous opioid activity in clinical hemorrhagic shock

Plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and total opioid-like activities were measured upon arrival at the hospital in ten patients with extensive trauma and in a state of shock and 11 patients with minor injury. Patients in a state of shock had…

Pain killers of the immune system

1997

Tags: 1997, Animals, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/biosynthesis/physiology, Biomarkers of Pain, Immunohistochemistry, Inflammation/pathology/physiopathology, Journal Article, Messenger/genetics, Nature Medicine, Pain/pathology/physiopathology, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, RNA, Sharp B, T-Lymphocytes/metabolism, Yaksh T

What do we know about the expression of proopiomelanocortin transcripts and related peptides in lymphoid tissue?

1993

Tags: 1993, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Endocrinology, Humans, Journal Article, Linner K, Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism, Messenger/metabolism, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics, RNA, Sharp B

Can we conquer pain?

Pain can be an adaptive sensation, an early warning to protect the body from tissue injury. By the introduction of hypersensitivity to normally innocuous stimuli, pain may also aid in repair after tissue damage. Pain can also be maladaptive,…

Tags: 2002, Afferent Pathways/drug effects/metabolism/physiopathology, Analgesics/pharmacology, Animal, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Cell Surface/drug effects/metabolism, Central Nervous System/drug effects/metabolism/physiopathology, Drug Design, Human, Journal Article, Nature Neuroscience, Nociceptors/drug effects/metabolism, Pain/drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology, Receptors, Scholz J, Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology, Synaptic Transmission/drug effects/physiology, Woolf CJ

Interleukin 1 beta and corticotropin-releasing factor inhibit pain by releasing opioids from immune cells in inflamed tissue

Local analgesic effects of exogenous opioid agonists are particularly prominent in painful inflammatory conditions and are mediated by opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerves. The endogenous ligands of these receptors, opioid peptides, have…

Tags: 1994, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies/pharmacology, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/immunology/physiology, Biomarkers of Pain, Carter L, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Cyclosporine/pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dynorphins/immunology/physiology, Endorphins/immunology/physiology/secretion, Enkephalin, Humans, Inflammation/immunology/physiopathology, Injections, Interleukin-1/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Journal Article, Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Male, Methionine/immunology/physiology, Naloxone/pharmacology, Pain/immunology/physiopathology/prevention & control, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, Rats, Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Regression Analysis, Schafer M, Somatostatin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Stein C, Wistar

Foot-shock induced stress increases beta-endorphin levels in blood but not brain

1977

Tags: 1977, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Journal Article, Nature, Rossier J

Decreased proopiomelanocortin mRNA in lymphocytes of chronic alcoholics after intravenous human corticotropin releasing factor injection

BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse may involve an altered neuroendocrine response that mediates lymphocyte-derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC) production and inflammation. We investigated POMC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human lymphocytes ex vivo and…

Stress and the adolescent brain

During adolescence the brain shows remarkable changes in both structure and function. The plasticity exhibited by the brain during this pubertal period may make individuals more vulnerable to perturbations, such as stress. Although much is known…

Tags: 2006, Adolescent, Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Brain/physiology, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology, Journal Article, McEwen BS, Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiology, Psychological/physiopathology, Puberty/physiology, Romeo RD, Stress

Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary alpha-amylase: an indicator of sympathetic activity?

Assessment of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity is only possible to date via measurement of catecholamines in blood plasma or via electrophysiological methods. Both ways of measurement are restricted to endocrinological or…

Involvement of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in opioid analgesia

Tissue destruction is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory reaction leads to activation of nociceptors and the sensation of pain. Several mediators are responsible for pain and hyperalgesia in inflammation including cytokines,…

Tags: 2005, Analgesia, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Chemokines/physiology, Cytokines/physiology, European Journal Of Pain, Humans, Journal Article, Opioid Peptides/physiology, Opioid/physiology, Pain Threshold/physiology, Pain/physiopathology, Receptors, Rittner HL, Stein C

Leukocytes in the regulation of pain and analgesia

When tissue is destroyed or invaded by leukocytes in inflammation, numerous mediators are delivered by the circulation and/or liberated from resident and immigrated cells at the site. Proalgesic mediators include proinflammatory cytokines,…

Opioid peptide-expressing leukocytes: identification, recruitment, and simultaneously increasing inhibition of inflammatory pain

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pain can be effectively controlled by an interaction of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve terminals with opioid peptides released from immune cells upon stressful stimulation. To define the source of opioid peptide…

Leukocytes as mediators of pain and analgesia

2007

Tags: 2007, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Current Rheumatology Reports, Journal Article, Rittner

Beta-Endorphin Response to an Acute Pain Stimulus

The timing of the measurement of biological samples (e.g. biomarkers) is not always standardized. Biomarkers are the focus of many recent studies and treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine the timing of the release of beta-endorphin…

Proopiomelanocortin, a polypeptide precursor with multiple functions: from physiology to pathological conditions

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the polypeptide precursor of ACTH. First discovered in anterior pituitary corticotroph cells, it has more recently been revealed to have many other physiological aspects. The fine molecular mechanisms of ACTH…

Tags: 2003, Animals, Backlog, Bertagna X, Biomarkers of Pain, de Keyzer Y, European Journal Of Endocrinology, Female, Humans, Journal Article, Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology, Neuropeptides/metabolism, Pregnancy, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology, Raffin-Sanson ML

Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: functional role in antinociception

Our previous studies indicate that endogenous opioids (primarily beta-endorphin) released during stressful stimuli can interact with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit nociception in inflamed tissue of rats. This study sought to localize opioid…

Physiological changes, plasma beta-endorphin and cortisol responses to tracheal intubation in neonates

Physiological, plasma beta-endorphin and cortisol responses to nasotracheal intubation were studied in 20 distressed infants of median age 0.3 days (range 0.1-23 days) randomized into groups given pethidine 1 mg/kg (n = 10) or alfentanil 20…

Methionine enkephalin-like, substance P-like, and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in human parotid saliva

These three neuropeptides were measured at daily baseline values by radioimmunoassay. Stimulated parotid saliva was collected from 31 subjects using a modified Carlson-Crittenden device affixed over Stenson's duct. Methionine enkephalin-like…

Peripheral opioid receptors mediating antinociception in inflammation. Activation by endogenous opioids and role of the pituitary-adrenal axis

This study investigated the involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating cold water swim (CWS) stress-induced antinociception (SIA) in rats with unilateral hind paw inflammation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Following 0.5, 1…

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell beta-endorphin concentration is decreased in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia but not in depression: preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the possible role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome and in the differential diagnosis of depression by investigating changes in peripheral…

Relationship between release of beta-endorphin, cortisol, and trauma severity in children with blunt torso and extremity trauma

PURPOSE: To determine the levels of beta-endorphin and cortisol in children with multiple injuries and to determine whether there is any difference between and compare the severity of trauma and beta-endorphin and cortisol release as calculated using…

Plasma levels of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and beta-endorphin as indicators of stress, pain and prognosis in horses with colic

A prospective observational study was performed to evaluate whether the plasma concentration of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) or β-endorphin is related to clinical signs, blood chemistry, or severity of pain of colic. Seventy-seven horses with colic…

Tags: 2010, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Biomarkers Reference List, Journal Article, Koho NM, Korolainen RV, Leppaluoto J, Mykkanen AK, Niinisto KE, Poso AR, Raekallio MR, Ruohoniemi MO, The Veterinary Journal

A Genome-wide Drosophila Screen for Heat Nociception Identifies alpha2delta3 as an Evolutionarily Conserved Pain Gene

Worldwide, acute, and chronic pain affects 20% of the adult population and represents an enormous financial and emotional burden. Using genome-wide neuronal-specific RNAi knockdown in Drosophila, we report a global screen for an innate behavior and…

Naltrexone therapy of apnea in children with elevated cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin

Previous studies have indicated increased immunoreactivity of the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants under 2 years of age with apnea. To assess the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of…

Naltrexone therapy of apnea in children with elevated cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin

Previous studies have indicated increased immunoreactivity of the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants under 2 years of age with apnea. To assess the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of…

Beta-endorphin, Met-enkephalin and corresponding opioid receptors within synovium of patients with joint trauma, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: Intra-articularly applied opioid agonists or antagonists modulate pain after knee surgery and in chronic arthritis. Therefore, the expression of beta-endorphin (END), Met-enkephalin (ENK), and mu and delta opioid receptors (ORs) within…

Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain

The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (END) as well as mRNA for its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are found not only in the pituitary gland, but also within various types of immune cells infiltrating inflamed sc tissue. During stressful stimuli…

Immunohistochemical localization of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in immune cells and spinal cord in a model of inflammatory pain

Recently, two novel highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, have been isolated from bovine as well as human brains and were proposed to be the endogenous ligand for MOR. Later, endomorphin-1 and…

Inhibition of inflammatory pain by CRF at peripheral, spinal and supraspinal sites: involvement of areas coexpressing CRF receptors and opioid peptides

There is conflicting evidence on the antinociceptive effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) along the neuraxis of pain transmission and the responsible anatomical sites of CRF's action at the level of the brain, spinal cord and periphery. In…

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