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BACKGROUND: Both locally expressed beta-endorphin (END) and low doses of morphine relieve pain within inflamed knee joints. Here we examined whether enhanced inflammation and END expression within the synovial tissue of patients undergoing…

Opioids produce analgesia by interacting with local opioid receptors in peripheral inflamed tissue. This study investigated whether endogenous ligands of these receptors are present in synovia and whether such opioid peptides can inhibit pain by…