Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Diphosphonates: history and mechanisms of action

The history of diphosphonates began with studies of inorganic pyrophosphate. This compound was found to occur in many biological fluids and inhibited the precipitation of calcium phosphates. It also slowed the transformation of amorphous calcium…

Modern therapy for Paget's disease of bone: focus on bisphosphonates

There has been a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to patients with Paget's disease of bone over the last 40 years. In the 1960s, only symptomatic therapy could be given, with control of pain the main objective. Analgesics and nonsteroidal…

Tags: 2002, Animals, Antimetabolites/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Backlog, Clodronate, Devogelaer JP, Diphosphonates/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Humans, Journal Article, Osteitis Deformans/drug therapy, Treatments In Endocrinology

Proopiomelanocortin, a polypeptide precursor with multiple functions: from physiology to pathological conditions

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is the polypeptide precursor of ACTH. First discovered in anterior pituitary corticotroph cells, it has more recently been revealed to have many other physiological aspects. The fine molecular mechanisms of ACTH…

Tags: 2003, Animals, Backlog, Bertagna X, Biomarkers of Pain, de Keyzer Y, European Journal Of Endocrinology, Female, Humans, Journal Article, Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology, Neuropeptides/metabolism, Pregnancy, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/biosynthesis/genetics/physiology, Raffin-Sanson ML

Immune mechanisms in pain control

2002

Tags: 2002, Analgesics, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Animals, Backlog, Cellular/physiology, Endorphins/metabolism, Humans, Immune System/physiology, Immunity, Journal Article, Machelska H, Non-U.S. Gov't, Opioid/pharmacology, Opioid/physiology, Pain/drug therapy/immunology/pathology, Receptors, Research Support, Stein C

Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain

The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (END) as well as mRNA for its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are found not only in the pituitary gland, but also within various types of immune cells infiltrating inflamed sc tissue. During stressful stimuli…

Hormones and the stressed brain

The stress system orchestrates brain and body responses to the environment. Cortisol (in humans) or corticosterone (in rodents) are important mediators of the stress system. Their action-in concert-is crucial for individual differences in coping with…

Tags: 2004, Animals, Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Brain/pathology/physiopathology, De Kloet ER, Glucocorticoid/physiology, Hormones/physiology, Journal Article, Mineralocorticoid/physiology, Receptors, Stress/physiopathology

Focus on paroxetine

This review of paroxetine is based on Medline and PsycLit searches and a manual search of the available research literature. It aims to cover the pharmacology of this frequently prescribed SSRI antidepressant in terms of its indications, efficacy and…

Tags: 2003, Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy, Backlog, Current Medical Research And Opinion, Depression/drug therapy, Drug Interactions, Green B, Humans, Journal Article, Paroxetine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy, Second-Generation/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use, Stress Disorders, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Treatment Outcome

Neuropeptides in the immune system: functional roles in health and disease

2002

Tags: 2002, Animals, Argipressin/physiology, Backlog, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology, Disease, Frontiers Of Hormone Research, Health, Humans, Immunity, Jessop DS, Journal Article, Neuropeptides/physiology, Opioid Peptides/physiology, Pro-Opiomelanocortin/physiology

Activation of peripheral NMDA receptors contributes to human pain and rat afferent discharges evoked by injection of glutamate into the masseter muscle

Peripheral N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are found in deep tissues and may play a role in deep tissue pain. Injection of the endogenous NMDA receptor agonist glutamate into the masseter muscle excites deep craniofacial afferent fibers in rats…

Topical and peripherally acting analgesics

Acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain all depend to some degree on the peripheral activation of primary sensory afferent neurons. The localized peripheral administration of drugs, such as by topical application, can potentially…

Tags: 2003, Administration, Afferent/drug effects/metabolism/physiology, Analgesics/administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Animals, Backlog, Humans, Journal Article, Neurons, Nociceptors/metabolism/physiology, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pain/drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology, Peripheral Nervous System/drug effects, Pharmacological Reviews, Research Support, Sawynok J, Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology, Topical

Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and chronic immune activation

Corticosteroids have potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Although corticosteroids are an important weapon in the clinical arsenal for treating inflammatory episodes, the mechanisms underlying the actions and regulation of…

Tags: 2003, Animal, Animals, Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences, Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/physiopathology, Backlog, Chover-Gonzalez AJ, Corticosterone/secretion, Disease Models, Harbuz MS, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology, Immune System Diseases/physiopathology, Inflammation/immunology/physiopathology, Jessop DS, Journal Article, Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology, Stress/immunology

Opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the immune system in humans and in a rodent model of inflammation

Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are tetrapeptides with high affinity and selectivity for the micro-opioid receptor. We have utilized specific radioimmunoassays to characterize EM-1 and EM-2 in immune tissues from normal human subjects and from rats with…

Tissue monocytes/macrophages in inflammation: hyperalgesia versus opioid-mediated peripheral antinociception

BACKGROUND: Opioid-containing leukocytes migrate to peripheral sites of inflammation. On exposure to stress, opioid peptides are released, bind to opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons, and induce endogenous antinociception. In later stages…

Mobilization of opioid-containing polymorphonuclear cells by hematopoietic growth factors and influence on inflammatory pain

BACKGROUND: Leukocytes can control inflammatory pain by secretion of opioid peptides, stimulated by cold-water swimming or local injection of corticotropin-releasing factor, and subsequent activation of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons.…

Modulation of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia by central afferent blockade

BACKGROUND: Peripheral tissue injury causes a migration of opioid peptide-containing immune cells to the inflamed site. The subsequent release and action of these peptides on opioid receptors localized on peripheral sensory nerve terminals causes…

Nitric oxide as a prognostic marker for neurological diseases

The potential value of the nitric oxide (NO) level as a prognostic marker in human brain diseases is investigated. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from neurological patients was examined for NO content using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)…

Mutations in the gene encoding capillary morphogenesis protein 2 cause juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) and infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) are autosomal recessive conditions characterized by multiple subcutaneous skin nodules, gingival hypertrophy, joint contractures, and hyaline deposition. We previously mapped…

The final step in programmed cell death: phagocytes carry apoptotic cells to the grave.

As cells undergo apoptosis, they are recognized and removed from the body by phagocytes. This oft-overlooked yet critical final step in the cell-death programme protects tissues from exposure to the toxic contents of dying cells and also serves to…

Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids

The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting outside the central nervous system, targeting of opioid…

Neurohormonal factors in the development of catabolic/anabolic imbalance and cachexia

Mechanisms that lead to cachexia are still poorly understood. The neurohormonal changes that occur in severe disease states may cause an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation at the cellular level, followed by muscle wasting. Here, we…

Tags: 2002, Animals, Anwar A, Backlog, Biological Markers/blood, Brink M, Cachexia/etiology/metabolism, Congestive/complications/metabolism, Cytokines/metabolism, Delafontaine P, Glucocorticoids/metabolism, Heart Failure, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism, International Journal Of Cardiology, Journal Article, Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism, Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology

Different mechanisms of intrinsic pain inhibition in early and late inflammation

Neuroimmune interactions control pain through activation of opioid receptors on sensory nerves by immune-derived opioid peptides. Here we evaluate mechanisms of intrinsic pain inhibition at different stages of Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation…

Immunohistochemical localization of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in immune cells and spinal cord in a model of inflammatory pain

Recently, two novel highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, have been isolated from bovine as well as human brains and were proposed to be the endogenous ligand for MOR. Later, endomorphin-1 and…

Neuropeptides: modulators of immune responses in health and disease

2002

Tags: 2002, Animals, Autoimmune Diseases/immunology, Backlog, Humans, Immune System/physiology, International Review Of Neurobiology, Jessop DS, Journal Article, Neuropeptides/physiology, Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, Stress/immunology

Cytokine and hormone profiles in mice subjected to handling combined with rectal temperature measurement stress and handling only stress

Stress is known to either up or down regulate immunity. In this study, mice were subjected to handling combined with rectal temperature measurement (RTM) stress or handling only stress. We investigated whether there were any significant differences…

Control of inflammatory pain by chemokine-mediated recruitment of opioid-containing polymorphonuclear cells

Opioid-containing leukocytes can counteract inflammatory hyperalgesia. Under stress or after local injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), opioid peptides are released from leukocytes, bind to opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons…

Tags: 2004, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies/pharmacology, Backlog, Brack A, Cell Count/methods, Cell Movement/physiology, Chemokines, Chemokines/immunology/physiology, Comparative Study, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/therapeutic use, CXC/immunology/metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Routes, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods, Flow Cytometry/methods, Freund's Adjuvant, Gene Expression Regulation/physiology, Immunohistochemistry/methods, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology/metabolism, Interleukin-8B/metabolism, Journal Article, Leder K, Machelska H, Male, Mousa SA, Naloxone/pharmacology, Narcotics/metabolism, Neurogenic Inflammation/chemically induced/complications/therapy, Neutrophils/metabolism, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pain, Pain Measurement, Pain Threshold/drug effects, Pain/etiology/therapy, Rats, Receptors, Research Support, Rittner HL, Schafer M, Stein C, Wistar

Potential links between leukocytes and antinociception

2004

Tags: 2004, Animals, Backlog, Brack A, Humans, Journal Article, Leukocytes/physiology, Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology, Nociceptors/physiology, Pain, Stein C

Current classification of mitochondrial disorders

2003

Tags: 2003, Adolescent, Adult, Andreu AL, Animals, Backlog, Child, DiMauro S, DNA, Humans, Journal Article, Journal Of Neurology, Mitochondrial Diseases/classification/genetics, Mitochondrial/genetics, Mutation

Alternative therapies for children and youth with special health care needs

2006

Tags: 2006, Adolescent, Animals, Backlog, Bonding, Child, Chronic Disease/psychology/therapy, Complementary Therapies/methods, Exercise Movement Techniques, Gasalberti D, Human-Pet, Humans, Journal Article, Journal Of Pediatric Health Care, Massage, Music Therapy, Pain/prevention & control, Patient Education, PedPal Lit

Leukocytes in the regulation of pain and analgesia

When tissue is destroyed or invaded by leukocytes in inflammation, numerous mediators are delivered by the circulation and/or liberated from resident and immigrated cells at the site. Proalgesic mediators include proinflammatory cytokines,…

Molecular pathways leading to cancer cachexia

Loss of body weight in cancer patients strongly influences morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have suggested that both tumor and host factors play a major role in tissue catabolism in cachexia, leading to upregulation of degradative pathways in…

Tags: 2005, Adipose Tissue/metabolism, Animals, Backlog, Blood Proteins/metabolism, Cachexia/etiology/metabolism, Cytokines/metabolism, Humans, Journal Article, Muscle, Neoplasms/complications/metabolism, Peptides/metabolism, Physiology (bethesda), Skeletal/metabolism, Tisdale MJ

Opioids and the neuroimmune axis

2005

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, British Journal Of Anaesthesia, Humans, Immune System/drug effects/physiology, Inflammation/immunology, Journal Article, Lambert DG, mu/metabolism, Neuroimmunomodulation/immunology, Opioid, Opioid Peptides/physiology, Opioid/pharmacology, Rats, Receptors, Williams JP

CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulating peripheral release of endogenous opioids

CB(2) cannabinoid receptor-selective agonists are promising candidates for the treatment of pain. CB(2) receptor activation inhibits acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain responses but does not cause central nervous system (CNS) effects,…

Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology: basic science

The focus of neurogastroenterology in Rome II was the enteric nervous system (ENS). To avoid duplication with Rome II, only advances in ENS neurobiology after Rome II are reviewed together with stronger emphasis on interactions of the brain, spinal…

Glia: novel counter-regulators of opioid analgesia

Development of analgesic tolerance and withdrawal-induced pain enhancement present serious difficulties for the use of opioids for pain control. Although neuronal mechanisms to account for these phenomena have been sought for many decades, their…

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Brain/drug effects/metabolism, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Hutchinson MR, Johnston IN, Journal Article, Maier SF, Neuroglia/drug effects/metabolism, Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism, Nociceptors/drug effects/metabolism, Opioid/administration & dosage, Pain/metabolism/prevention & control, Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism, Trends In Neurosciences, Watkins LR

Sleep deprivation and pain perception

Chronically painful conditions are frequently associated with sleep disturbances, i.e. changes in sleep continuity and sleep architecture as well as increased sleepiness during daytime. A new hypothesis, which has attracted more and more attention,…

Tags: 2006, Animals, Attitude, Backlog, Humans, Journal Article, Krieg JC, Kundermann B, Lautenbacher S, Pain/epidemiology/physiopathology, Rats, REM/physiology, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation/epidemiology/physiopathology, Sleep Medicine Reviews, Sprague-Dawley

Enteric nervous system and developmental abnormalities in childhood

ENS consists of a complex network of neurons, organised in several plexuses, which interact by means of numerous neurotransmitters. It is capable of modulating the intestinal motility, exocrine and endocrine secretions, microcirculation and immune…

Beta-endorphin mediates behavioral despair and the effect of ethanol on the tail suspension test in mice.

Background: The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (beta-E) is synthesized and released in response to stressful stimuli as well as acute alcohol administration. The release of beta-E following exposure to an inescapable aversive situation may mediate…

Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: advances in science, techniques, and outcomes

More than 25% of children survive to hospital discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrests, and 5% to 10% survive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. This review of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation addresses the epidemiology of pediatric…

Harnessing social networks along with consumer-driven electronic communication technologies to identify and engage members of 'hard-to-reach' populations: a methodological case report

BACKGROUND: Sampling in the absence of accurate or comprehensive information routinely poses logistical, ethical, and resource allocation challenges in social science, clinical, epidemiological, health service and population health research. These…

Tags: 2010, Animals, Anthropology, Backlog, Bmc Medical Research Methodology, Cats, Cultural, Diabetes Mellitus/veterinary, Dogs, Electronic Mail, Humans, Journal Article, Online Systems, Patient Selection, Rock MJ, Sampling Studies

Endotoxin has acute and chronic effects on the cerebral circulation of fetal sheep.

We studied the impact of endotoxemia on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral vascular resistance (CVR), and cerebral oxygen transport (O(2) transport) in fetal sheep. We hypothesized that endotoxemia impairs CBF regulation and O(2) transport, exposing…

Browse Items (95 total)