Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Patient-controlled analgesia with low dose background infusions after lower abdominal surgery in children

Forty-five children (aged 6-12 yr) undergoing appendicectomy received one of three analgesic regimens using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine: no background infusion (BO); background infusion 4 micrograms kg-1 h-1 (B4); background…

Ventilatory effects of morphine, pethidine and methadone in children

The ventilatory effects of single i.v. doses of morphine 0.1 mg kg-1, pethidine 0.67 mg kg-1 and methadone 0.1 mg kg-1 were compared after ophthalmic surgery in an open, randomized study in 30 children aged 3-8 yr. Ventilatory changes after each drug…

A qualitative approach to community and provider needs assessment in a telehealth project

OBJECTIVE: Needs assessment is a critical part of the design and implementation of telehealth projects. This study assessed the need for a telehealth link between a local community and a tertiary-care medical center. METHODS: The assessment was…

Tags: 1998, Backlog, British Columbia, Focus Groups, Humans, Journal Article, Needs Assessment, Non-U.S. Gov't, Program Development, Remote Consultation, Research Support, Siden HB, Telemedicine, Telemedicine Journal : The Official Journal Of The American Telemedicine Association

Adaptational process of parents of pediatric oncology patients

This study, based on grounded theory, explores the adaptational process of parents of pediatric oncology patients. Thirty-two Taiwanese parents (26 mothers and 6 fathers) were interviewed. Data were collected through individual in-depth and focus…

Pain variations during cancer treatment in children: a descriptive survey

Structural interviews were conducted with 66 children and their families to investigate how the experience of pain varied during cancer treatment. At diagnosis, 49% experienced cancer-related pain. Intense pain was more common at the beginning of…

Parent bereavement stress and preventive intervention following the violent deaths of adolescent or young adult children

It is currently believed that effective intervention programs can reduce the negative consequences of stressful life events. The purpose of this paper is to describe a three-step process used to develop a theory-based preventive intervention for…

Efficacy and optimal dose of daily polyethylene glycol 3350 for treatment of constipation and encopresis in children

OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy, safety, and optimal dose of a laxative, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350, in children with chronic constipation. STUDY DESIGN: Children with chronic constipation (n = 24) were treated with PEG for 8 weeks at an initial…

Measuring pain accurately in children with cognitive impairments: refinement of a caregiver scale

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether typical pain behavior, as reported by caregivers, could be used prospectively to predict future pain behavior and to derive a subset of core items from the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist. STUDY DESIGN:…

Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome: treatment of spinal osteoporosis with intravenous bisphosphonates

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether intravenous bisphosphonate treatment is helpful for children with osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome who have severe osteoporosis. METHODS: Three children (ages 9 to 11 years) with osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome…

Cyclic administration of pamidronate in children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta

BACKGROUND: Severe osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by osteopenia, frequent fractures, progressive deformity, loss of mobility, and chronic bone pain. There is no effective therapy for the disorder. We assessed the effects of…

The role of nutrition in pediatric HIV/AIDS: a review of micronutrient research

It is becoming increasingly evident that nutrition is not only an important component of health but also that levels of specific nutrients can affect disease expression. This is particularly apparent in the realm of HIV disease. Despite this…

Brain metabolism during short-term starvation in humans

During prolonged starvation, brain energy requirements are covered in part by the metabolism of ketone bodies. It is unknown whether short-term starvation of a few days' duration may lead to reduced brain glucose metabolism due to the change toward…

Perceptions of control and long-term recovery from rape

The relationship between perceptions of control and symptoms of both long-term depression and post-traumatic stress was examined. Enduring beliefs of personal competence and control were found to be associated with lower rates of depression and…

Predictors of burden in spouse caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease

This study used the following model of distress: Distress = [Exposure to Stress + Vulnerability]/[Psychological and Social Resources]. The constructs in the model were operationalized as (a) distress in response to caregiver experiences (burden); (b)…

Vulnerability and resilience to combat exposure: can stress have lifelong effects?

The purpose of this study was to examine whether appraisals of desirable and undesirable effects of military service mediated the effect of combat stress on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in later life in 1,287 male veterans, aged…

Mental and physical health of spouse caregivers: the role of personality

Although personal resources of caregivers, such as coping skills and social support, have been shown to be important in understanding caregiver stress and health outcomes, personality traits have not previously been considered. The purpose of this…

Toward an integrative perspective on bereavement

For nearly a century, bereavement theorists have assumed that recovery from loss requires a period of grief work in which the ultimate goal is the severing of the attachment bond to the deceased. Reviews appearing in the 1980s noted a surprising…

Tags: 1999, Adaptation, Backlog, Bereavement, Bonanno GA, Grief, Humans, Journal Article, Kaltman S, Object Attachment, P.H.S., Psychological, Psychological Bulletin, Psychological Theory, Research Support, U.S. Gov't

Postbereavement depressive mood and its prebereavement predictors in HIV+ and HIV- gay men

Prebereavement predictors of the course of postbereavement depressive mood were examined in 110 gay men who were their partner's caregiver until the partner's death of AIDS. In all, 37 HIV+ and 73 HIV- bereaved caregiving partners were assessed…

Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test

Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably,…

Prevalence and severity of feeding and nutritional problems in children with neurological impairment: Oxford Feeding Study

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and severity of feeding and nutritional problems in children with neurological impairment within a defined geographical area. In a cross-sectional study, a validated questionnaire was sent to 377…

Judging the effectiveness of analgesia for children and adolescents during vaso-occlusive events of sickle cell disease

The effectiveness of analgesia during sickle cell crisis was examined in this descriptive, exploratory study. Pain scores (using the African-American Oucher and the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool) and analgesics administered were examined during a…

An evaluation of the Faces Pain Scale with young children

The psychometric characteristics of the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) were evaluated in three groups of preschool and school-aged children (3. 5-4.5; 4.5-5.5 and 5.5-6.5 years, respectively). The FPS was adequately comprehended by even young children. It…

Tags: 2000, Backlog, Cassey J, Child, Facial Expression, Female, Hennessy R, Humans, Hunter M, Journal Article, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, Male, McDowell L, Non-U.S. Gov't, Pain Measurement/methods/psychology, Preschool, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support

Variability of analgesic practices for hospitalized children on different pediatric specialty units

This study examined the differences in the prescription and administration of analgesics in eight pediatric specialty units. Medical records of patients (n = 153) who were reported by nurses to be having pain were reviewed. Results showed that there…

Tags: 2000, Analgesics/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Backlog, Child, Female, Hospital Units, Humans, Jacob E, Journal Article, Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, Male, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Pain/drug Therapy, Pediatrics, Preschool, Puntillo KA, Research Support, U.S. Gov't

Evolution of parental stress and coping processes: a framework for critical care practice

Crisis theory, stress and coping theory, and research on parental stress and coping during pediatric critical care experiences are integrated into a conceptual framework for understanding, assessing, and ultimately intervening to reduce parental…

Quantitative estimation of rare adverse events which follow a biological progression: a new model applied to chronic NSAID use

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) alone are unlikely to provide reliable estimates of the incidence of rare events because of their limited size. Cohort, case control, and other observational studies have large numbers but are vulnerable to various…

Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: An update and effect related to mechanism of drug action

Tricyclic antidepressants and carbamazepine have become the mainstay in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Within the last decade, controlled trials have shown that numerous other drugs relieve such pain. We identified all placebo-controlled trials…

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache

A computer and a hand search of the literature recovered 33 papers from which 25 trials suitable for meta-analysis were identified. We compared the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural treatments with the waiting list control and alternative…

An update on the clinical use of methadone for cancer pain

Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist considered a second choice drug in the management of cancer pain. Methadone has a number of unique characteristics including excellent oral and rectal absorption, no known active metabolites, high potency, low…

Tags: 1997, Administration, Analgesics, Backlog, Bruera E, Evaluation Studies, Humans, Journal Article, Methadone/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Neoplasms/drug therapy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Opioid/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Oral, Pain, Palliative Care/trends, Rectal, Research Support, Ripamonti C, Zecca E

Systemic lidocaine for neuropathic pain relief

The effectiveness of systemic lidocaine in relieving acute and chronic pain has been recognized for over 35 years. In particular, systemic lidocaine has been utilized both as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for intractable neuropathic pain during…

Tags: 2000, Administration, Analgesics/administration & dosage/diagnostic use/therapeutic use, Animals, Backlog, Chen LL, Humans, Journal Article, Lidocaine/administration & dosage/diagnostic use/therapeutic use, Mao J, Mexiletine/therapeutic use, Neuralgia/drug therapy/metabolism, Oral, P.H.S., Pain, Research Support, Sodium Channel Blockers, U.S. Gov't

Positive psychological states and coping with severe stress

Providing care to a spouse or partner who is dying and then losing that person are among the most stressful of human experiences. A longitudinal study of the caregiving partners of men with AIDS showed that in addition to intense negative…

Tags: 1997, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology/therapy, Adaptation, Backlog, Bereavement, Caregivers/psychology, Death, Folkman S, Humans, Journal Article, Male, Models, P.H.S., Psychological, Research Support, Social science & medicine, Stress, U.S. Gov't

Novel opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 are present in mammalian immune tissues

Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are opioid tetrapeptides, reported within the central nervous system, which have very high specificity and affinity for the mu-opioid receptor. We have used newly developed and well-characterised radioimmunoassays (RIAs)…

Patient-controlled analgesia for mucositis pain in children: a three-period crossover study comparing morphine and hydromorphone

OBJECTIVES: (1) To test the safety and efficacy of a clinical protocol for administering opioid by using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for the management of mucositis pain in children after bone marrow transplantation, (2) to compare the…

Pituitary-adrenal function and hypothalamic beta-endorphin release in vitro following food deprivation

Basal and dexamethasone-suppressed adrenal glucocorticoid secretion and hypothalamic beta-endorphin (BE) release in vitro were investigated in rats deprived of food for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Fasting for up to 48 h neither caused significant changes…

Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: functional role in antinociception

Our previous studies indicate that endogenous opioids (primarily beta-endorphin) released during stressful stimuli can interact with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit nociception in inflamed tissue of rats. This study sought to localize opioid…

Comparison of continuous subcutaneous and intravenous hydromorphone infusions for management of cancer pain

To compare the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous and intravenous infusion of opioid analgesics, a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial was carried out in inpatients. 15 patients with severe cancer pain received two 48 h infusions of…

Work, knowledge and argument in specialist consultations: incorporating tacit knowledge into system design and development

To understand how video telephone technology could support consultations between pathologists and surgeons, this study looked at what constitutes 'work' in clinical consultations. Using several methods (participant observation, video and interviews),…

Tags: 1993, Backlog, Clinical, Communication, Hospital, Humans, Interprofessional Relations, Journal Article, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Medical Staff, Non-U.S. Gov't, Nyce JM, Pathology, Research Support, Surgery, Timpka T

Malnutrition at diagnosis of malignancy in childhood: common but mostly missed

A prospective, controlled study of nutritional status in 100 newly diagnosed paediatric oncology patients is reported. Results showed that although patients' height-for-age and weight-for-height were normal, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and…

A Phase I, open label, dose ranging trial of intravenous bolus zoledronic acid, a novel bisphosphonate, in cancer patients with metastatic bone disease

BACKGROUND: Bone metastases typically are associated with osteolytic bone destruction, resulting in bone pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of normal and pathologic bone…

Infantile systemic hyalinosis in siblings: clinical report, biochemical and ultrastructural findings, and review of the literature

A boy presented at age 3.5 months with joint contractures, restlessness, and pain on handling. His skin was thickened and there were livid-red macular lesions over bony prominences. Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) was diagnosed, a presumably…

Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. The patient's perspective

OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of warfarin therapy for the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation from the perspective of patients using 2 different elicitation methods. DESIGN: All patients completed…

Browse Items (226 total)