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The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of three versions of the Oucher pain scale. Because the original large-sized posters were unwieldy for use by nurses with children in clinical settings, it…
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of animal-assisted intervention as distraction for reducing children's pain and distress before, during, and after standard blood collection procedure. Fifty children (ages 4-11 years)…
Parent-assigned pain scores have been used as proxy measures of pain for children, such as those with cognitive impairment (CI), who cannot self-report. However, the accuracy of parent-assigned pain ratings for children with CI has not been studied.…
