Changes in Siblings Over Time After the Death of a Brother or Sister From Cancer

Changes in Siblings Over Time After the Death of a Brother or Sister From Cancer

Akard T F; Skeens M A; Fortney C A; Dietrich M S; Gilmer M J; Vannatta K; Barrera M; Davies B; Wray S; Gerhardt C A

Cancer Nursing

2019

Adolescence; Adult; Bereavement; Child; Content Analysis; Fathers -- Psychosocial Factors; Female; Human; Male; McNemar's Test; Middle Age; Mothers -- Psychosocial Factors; Multimethod Studies; Neoplasms -- Mortality; Prospective Studies; Semi-Structured Interview; Siblings -- Psychosocial Factors

Background: Limited research has examined the impact of a child's death from cancer on siblings. Even less is known about how these siblings change over time. Objective: This study compared changes in siblings 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) years after the death of a brother or sister from cancer based on bereaved parent and sibling interviews. Methods: Participants across 3 institutions represented 27 families and included bereaved mothers (n = 21), fathers (n = 15), and siblings (n = 26) ranging from 8 to 17 years old. Participants completed semistructured interviews. Content analysis identified emerging themes and included frequency counts of participant responses. McNemar tests examined differences in the frequency of responses between T1 and T2 data. Results: Participants reported similar types of changes in bereaved siblings at both time points, including changes in sibling relationships, life perspectives, their personal lives, and school performance. A new theme of "openness" emerged at T2. Frequencies of responses differed according to mother, father, or sibling informant. Overall, participants less frequently reported changes at T2 versus T1. Compared with findings in the first year, participants reported greater sibling maturity at follow-up. Conclusion: Overall changes in bereaved siblings continued over 2 years with less frequency over time, with the exception of increases in maturity and openness. Implications for Practice: Providers can educate parents regarding the impact of death of a brother or sister over time. Nurses can foster open communication in surviving grieving siblings and parents as potential protective factors in families going through their grief.

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