A conceptual model of factors influencing children's responses to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches

A conceptual model of factors influencing children's responses to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches

McCarthy AM; Kleiber C

Journal Of Pediatric Nursing

2006

Non-U.S. Gov't; PedPal Lit; Attention ChildChild Psychology Child; Preschool Female Humans Male Models; Psychological Pain/prevention & control/psychologyParent-Child Relations Parents/psychology Research Support

The purpose of this article is to present a model of factors that may influence a child's response to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches during the procedure. Nonpharmacological interventions, in particular, distraction, and parents as coaches for their children during procedures are discussed. A conceptual model is presented that illustrates the multiple factors and their possible relationships. A selected review of studies is provided that supports the inclusion of these factors in the model. The model and literature review focus on three major areas: characteristics of the child, characteristics of the parent, and procedural variables. The model presented is currently being tested in a large multisite study on the use of distraction during intravenous line insertion.

2006

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