Browse Items (30 total)

BACKGROUND: Commentators have suggested that patients may understand quantitative information about treatment benefits better when they are presented as numbers needed to treat (NNT) rather than as absolute or relative risk reductions. OBJECTIVE: To…

A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF) is described. A sample of 1351 adults who had completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) in previous studies provided the basis for item selection. The resulting 10-item form…

BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that acceptance of pain is more successful than coping variables in predicting adjustment to pain. PURPOSE: To compare the influence of acceptance, pain-related cognitions and coping in adjustment to chronic…

This article urges counseling psychology researchers to recognize and report how missing data are handled, because consumers of research cannot accurately interpret findings without knowing the amount and pattern of missing data or the strategies…

When treating individual patients, physicians may face difficulties using the evidence from center-based randomized control trials (RCTs) due to limitations in these studies generalizability. Therefore, they often perform their own "informal" tests…

Patients' informed acceptance of chronic medical therapy hinges on communicating the potential benefits of drugs in quantitative terms. In a hypothetical scenario of treatment initiation, the authors assessed how three different formats of the same…

OBJECTIVE: To examine how individual- and family-level predictors in late childhood and preadolescence relate to psychosocial adaptation (i.e., scholastic success, social acceptance, and positive self-worth) in early adolescence. METHOD: This…

Seventy-one couples living in a stepfamily context reported interpersonal family stressors and related coping strategies daily for 1 week in a daily process study. The role of personality and of the stressful context in each of the spouse's coping…

The purpose of this article is to provide data on a recently developed instrument to measure the multidimensional nature of the bereavement process. In contrast to widely used grief instruments that have been developed using rational methods of…

BACKGROUND: When curative treatments are no longer options for patients dying of cancer, the focus of care often turns from prolonging life to promoting quality of life (QOL). Few data exist on what predicts better QOL at the end of life (EOL) for…

BACKGROUND: Birth defects impose substantial costs on both families and society because of medical, developmental, and special education needs. Caring for children with birth defects also may influence caregiver time and impact the family. However,…

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinicians' ratings of therapeutic effectiveness when different trial end points were presented as percent reductions in relative compared with absolute risk and as numbers of patients treated to avoid one adverse outcome.…

Results are described for a survey assessing prevalence of missing data and reporting practices in studies with missing data in a random sample of empirical research journal articles from the PsychINFO database for the year 1999, two years prior to…

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a mortality risk predictor based on physiologic data that estimates daily the probability of a patient dying within the next 24 hrs as that probability changes with disease and recovery. SETTING: Nine pediatric ICUs…

In the current study, we investigated the psychometric properties of a Dutch translation of the posttraumatic growth inventory in a heterogeneous group of cancer patients. Its original five-factor structure was maintained. The internal consistency of…

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) alone are unlikely to provide reliable estimates of the incidence of rare events because of their limited size. Cohort, case control, and other observational studies have large numbers but are vulnerable to various…

This article describes the use of structural equation modeling with latent variables to examine group differences and test competing models about cause-effect relationships in passive longitudinal designs. This approach is compared with several other…

Considerable research has focused on hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSHs), but little of that research has focused on the role played by chronic disease in ACSHs involving children or youth (C/Y). This research…

The article focuses on a study that introduced measures of self-reported positive life changes after negative events. The study of the psychosocial consequences of negative events has been conducted largely using a deficit approach. In the past three…

Systematic assessment of the effect of clinical research studies on child and parent participants has been limited. Such assessment could provide an empirical basis for the ethical conduct of research, assisting investigators and institutional review…

BACKGROUND: In 2004, a review of pilot studies published in seven major medical journals during 2000-01 recommended that the statistical analysis of such studies should be either mainly descriptive or focus on sample size estimation, while results…

The general view of descriptive research as a lower level form of inquiry has influenced some researchers conducting qualitative research to claim methods they are really not using and not to claim the method they are using: namely, qualitative…
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