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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2006.04.008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2006.04.008</a>
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Title
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Proteolytic and lipolytic responses to starvation
Publisher
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Nutrition (burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
Date
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2006
Subject
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Humans; Muscle; Starvation/metabolism; Triglycerides/metabolism; Fatty Acids; Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism; Autophagy; Enzyme Activation; Ketone Bodies/metabolism; Lipolysis; Lysosomes/metabolism; Molecular Chaperones/physiology; Muscle Proteins/metabolism; Nonesterified/metabolism; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism; Skeletal/chemistry; Ubiquitin/metabolism
Creator
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Finn PF; Dice JF
Description
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Mammals survive starvation by activating proteolysis and lipolysis in many different tissues. These responses are triggered, at least in part, by changing hormonal and neural statuses during starvation. Pathways of proteolysis that are activated during starvation are surprisingly diverse, depending on tissue type and duration of starvation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is primarily responsible for increased skeletal muscle protein breakdown during starvation. However, in most other tissues, lysosomal pathways of proteolysis are stimulated during fasting. Short-term starvation activates macroautophagy, whereas long-term starvation activates chaperone-mediated autophagy. Lipolysis also increases in response to starvation, and the breakdown of triacylglycerols provides free fatty acids to be used as an energy source by skeletal muscle and other tissues. In addition, glycerol released from triacylglycerols can be converted to glucose by hepatic gluconeogenesis. During long-term starvation, oxidation of free fatty acids by the liver leads to the production of ketone bodies that can be used for energy by skeletal muscle and brain. Tissues that cannot use ketone bodies for energy respond to these small molecules by activating chaperone-mediated autophagy. This is one form of interaction between proteolytic and lipolytic responses to starvation.
2006
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2006.04.008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/j.nut.2006.04.008</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
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Journal Article
2006
Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism
Autophagy
Backlog
Dice JF
Enzyme Activation
Fatty Acids
Finn PF
Humans
Journal Article
Ketone Bodies/metabolism
Lipolysis
Lysosomes/metabolism
Molecular Chaperones/physiology
Muscle
Muscle Proteins/metabolism
Nonesterified/metabolism
Nutrition (burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
Skeletal/chemistry
Starvation/metabolism
Triglycerides/metabolism
Ubiquitin/metabolism