Vicarious learning and communication self-efficacy: A pediatric end-of-life simulation for pre-licensure nursing students
Baccalaureate Communication Death OTO; NOTNLM; Humans;Child; Students; Nursing; Nursing/psychology; Clinical Competence; Education
BACKGROUND: End-of-life clinical experiences, particularly in pediatrics, are quite limited for pre-licensure nursing students. Though effective, end-of-life simulations can be costly, require facilitators trained in palliative and end-of-life care, and are restricted by limited space and time availability. Such barriers prompt the question as to whether there is an effective alternative to simulation by which students can gain improved self-efficacy in therapeutic communication during pediatric end-of-life situations. PURPOSE: Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory and work exploring self-efficacy posits that vicarious learning provides learners opportunities to gain experience and knowledge through observation of peers in simulated settings. This study evaluated the effectiveness of vicarious versus active learning on pre-licensure nursing students' perceived self-efficacy in providing therapeutic communication during a pediatric end-of-life situation. METHOD: Data were collected over three time points - pre-simulation, post-simulation, and post-debriefing - using a modified Self-Efficacy in Communication Scale. RESULTS: Learners in both groups had significant improvement in self-efficacy across all time points. Only two items had significant differences between vicarious and active learner groups, but the effect was minor. CONCLUSION: Vicarious learning presents as a viable pedagogical approach for providing pre-licensure nursing students important learning opportunities related to pediatric end-of-life simulations during both the scenario and debriefing.
Clark SB; Lippe MP
Journal of Professional Nursing
2022
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<a href="http://doi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
Development of student competencies for palliative care
Adolescent; Adult; Baccalaureate; Clinical Competence; Colombia; Education; Female; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing/ed [Education]; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Nursing; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
AIM: Identify the palliative care learning needs of healthcare students and determine the acceptability of an innovative learning strategy for palliative care named competencia para cuidar en el hogar-paliar (CUIDAR-PALIAR) aimed to increase students' competencies. METHODS: A single-group mixed methods design was used. A questionnaire was designed and semi-structured interviews were used to determine the palliative care competencies of undergraduate students; 90 students participated in the strategy. FINDINGS: The learning needs of students are: approaches to death and loss, how to intervene with the patient's family, understanding of the palliative care context, management of the patient's pain and symptoms and the development of therapeutic communication skills. CONCLUSION: The strategy is highly accepted by students, and statistically significant increases in palliative care were observed before and after the intervention. These preliminary results justify future interventions due to the potential effect of the strategy CUIDAR-PALIAR in the development of competencies for palliative care in undergraduate students.
Carrillo G M; Gomez O J; Diaz L C; Carreno S P
International Journal of Palliative Nursing
2019
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2019.25.4.177" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.12968/ijpn.2019.25.4.177</a>
Cultural explanations and clinical ethics: active euthanasia in neonatology
Female; Humans; infant; Male; Euthanasia; Attitude; Islam; Congenital Abnormalities; Newborn; Active; Students; Hinduism
The authors have undertaken a study to explore the views in non-Western cultures about ending the lives of newborns with genetic defects. This study consists of including active euthanasia alongside withdrawal and withholding of treatment as potential methods used. Apart from radicalising the support for active euthanasia in certain instances of neonatal diagnoses, is another interesting point that views of children and death are shaped by religion and culture and are especially highly charged with culturally specific symbolism/s. Furthermore, this is augmented in the context of non-Western cultures—further polarising the positivist ethics of Western scientific medicine from the cultures that affect only those who are members of ‘other’ societies. From this starting point, the authors shift the focus from clinical explanations of the causation and prognosis of the genetic defects and enter a dialogue with cultural narratives. Consequently, their argument is, broadly, a reassessment of medical practice as a contextualisation of a particular culture/s rather than indifferent or independent from cultural forces or influences.
2014-03
Ahmad A
Journal Of Medical Ethics
2014
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2013-101328" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1136/medethics-2013-101328</a>
Examining posttraumatic growth among Japanese university students
Humans; Male; Adult; Emotions; Japan; adolescent; Students; Stress Disorders; Aging/psychology; Post-Traumatic/psychology; Personality; Universities
To determine the underlying factor structure of the Japanese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-J), a principal components analysis was performed on data from 312 Japanese undergraduate students who reported growth due to their most traumatic event within the last 5 years. Results showed the PTGI-J has high internal consistency and, of the original five factors reported by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996), three were replicated: Relating to Others, New Possibilities, Personal Strength, and a fourth factor integrating Spiritual Change and Appreciation of Life emerged. There were neither gender differences nor relationships with time since trauma. PTGI-J scores were positively associated with posttraumatic symptoms and correlated with type of traumatic event experienced. These results and future directions are discussed from a cross-cultural viewpoint.
2007
Taku K; Calhoun LG; Tedeschi RG; Gil-Rivas V; Kilmer RP; Cann A
Anxiety, Stress, And Coping
2007
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701295007" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/10615800701295007</a>
Vignette studies of medical choice and judgement to study caregivers' medical decision behaviour: systematic review
Humans; Choice Behavior; Research Design; Patient Satisfaction; Caregivers/psychology; decision making; Statistical; Students; Data Interpretation; Physicians/psychology; Nurses/psychology; Medical/psychology; Judgment
2008
Bachmann LM; Mühleisen A; Bock A; ter Riet G; Held U; Kessels AGH
Bmc Medical Research Methodology
2008
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-50" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1186/1471-2288-8-50</a>
Ensuring that difficult decisions are honored--even in school settings
Child; Humans; United States; Adult; Parents; Choice Behavior; Minors; adolescent; Death and Euthanasia; decision making; Chronic disease; ICU Decision Making; Students; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/contraindications; Disabled Children/legislation & jurisprudence; Emergency Medical Services/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Resuscitation Orders/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence; School Health Services/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Schools/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; State Government
2005
Levetown M
The American Journal Of Bioethics
2005
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/152651690927926" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/152651690927926</a>
Do we have the power to create our own future as oncology nurses?
Female; Humans; Male; Leadership; Nurse's Role; Sex Factors; Power (Psychology); Students; Nursing; Oncologic Nursing; Societies; Nursing/psychology
2005
Steele R
Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal
2005
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.5737/1181912x1511520" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.5737/1181912x1511520</a>
A global measure of perceived stress.
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Longitudinal Studies; Life Change Events; Psychometrics; Stress; Psychological; Students; Students/psychology; Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology; Affective Symptoms; Affective Symptoms/psychology; Psychological/diagnosis; Tobacco Use Disorder
1983
Cohen S; Kamarck T; Mermelstein R
Journal Of Health And Social Behavior
1983
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2307/2136404" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.2307/2136404</a>
Confidentiality in health care. A survey of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes among high school students
Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Massachusetts; Health Behavior; Emergency Service; Practice; adolescent; Hospital/utilization; Empirical Approach; Professional Patient Relationship; Attitudes; Adolescent Transitions; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data; Health Knowledge; Adolescent Health Services/utilization; Confidentiality; Community Health Centers/utilization; Physicians' Offices/utilization; School Health Services/utilization; Students
OBJECTIVE--To assess adolescent knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes about health care confidentiality. DESIGN--Anonymous self-report survey with 64 items addressing confidentiality issues in health care. SETTING--Rural, suburban, and urban high schools in central Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS--Students in ninth through 12th grades from three schools. RESULTS--A total of 1295 students (87%) completed the survey: 58% had health concerns that they wished to keep private from their parents, and 69% from friends and classmates; 25% reported that they would forgo health care in some situations if their parents might find out. There were differences in response by gender, race, and school. About one third were aware of a right to confidentiality for specific health issues. Of those with a regular source of care, 86% would go to their regular physician for a physical illness, while only 57% would go there for questions about pregnancy, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or substance abuse that they wished to keep private. Sixty-eight percent had concerns about the privacy of a school health center. CONCLUSIONS--A majority of adolescents have concerns they wish to keep confidential and a striking percentage report they would not seek health services because of these concerns. Interventions to address confidentiality issues are thus crucial to effective adolescent health care.
1993
Cheng TL; Savageau JA; Sattler AL; DeWitt TG
Jama
1993
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.269.11.1404" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1001/jama.269.11.1404</a>
Assessing preferences about the DNR order: does it depend on how you ask?
Female; Humans; Male; Attitude to Health; Treatment Outcome; Choice Behavior; Resuscitation Orders; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Research Design; Probability; Reproducibility of Results; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; Students; Questionnaires/standards; Effect Modifiers (Epidemiology); Nursing/psychology; Resuscitation/adverse effects
Despite increasing emphasis on advance directives, there has been little methodologic work to assess preferences about the "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order. This developmental work assessed, in a non-patient group, the performance of a probability-trade-off task designed to assess DNR attitudes, in terms of framing effects and stability of preferences. 105 female nursing students each completed one of two versions of the task. In version I (n = 58), the trade-off moved to increasingly negative descriptions of the outcomes of resuscitation (decreasing chance of survival and increasing risk of brain death), whereas in version II (n = 47), the trade-off moved to increasingly positive descriptions. One week later, repeat assessments were obtained for versions I (n = 35) and II (n = 28). The DNR preference scores were lower and more stable when the task moved to increasingly positive descriptions; perhaps this version of the task tends to weaken risk aversion. These results imply that care should be used in applying a probability trade-off task to the assessment of DNR preferences, since artefactual effects could be induced.
1995
Percy ME; Llewellyn-Thomas HA
Medical Decision Making
1995
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0272989x9501500303" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/0272989x9501500303</a>
Into the water--the clinical clerkships
Humans; Physician-Patient Relations; Massachusetts; Curriculum; Schools; Medical; empathy; Students; Teaching/methods; Clinical Clerkship/methods; Medical/psychology; Mentors
Treadway K; Chatterjee N
The New England Journal Of Medicine
2011
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1100674" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1056/NEJMp1100674</a>
Providing Pediatric Palliative Care Education Using Problem-based Learning
Curriculum; Medical; Palliative Care; Pediatrics; Problem-based Learning; Students
BACKGROUND: The Institute of Medicine and the American Academy of Pediatrics has called for improvement in education and training of pediatricians in pediatric palliative care (PPC). Given the shortage of PPC physicians and the immediate need for PPC medical education, this study reports the outcomes of a problem-based learning (PBL) module facilitated by academic general and subspecialty pediatric faculty (non-PPC specialists) to third year medical students. Objectives/Setting: To test the effectiveness of a PPC-PBL module on third year medical students' and pediatric faculty's declarative knowledge, attitudes toward, perceived exposure, and self-assessed competency in PPC objectives. DESIGN: A PBL module was developed using three PPC learning objectives as a framework: define core concepts in palliative care; list the components of a total pain assessment; and describe key principles in establishing therapeutic relationships with patients. A PPC physician and nurse practitioner guided pediatric faculty on facilitating the PPC-PBL. In Part 1, students identified domains of palliative care for a child with refractory leukemia and self-assigned questions to research and present at the follow-up session. In Part 2, students were expected to develop a care plan demonstrating the three PPC objectives. MEASUREMENTS: Measures included a knowledge exam and a survey instrument to assess secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Students' declarative knowledge, perceived exposure, and self-assessed competency in all three PPC learning objectives improved significantly after the PPC-PBL, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively. There were no significant differences in faculty knowledge test scores from baseline to follow-up, but scores were generally high (median >80%). Students and faculty rated palliative care education as "important or very important" at baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that key concepts in PPC can be taught to medical students utilizing a PBL format and pediatric faculty resulting in improved knowledge and self-assessed competency in PPC.
Moody K; McHugh M; Baker R; Cohen H; Pinto P; Deutsch S; Santizo R O; Schechter M; Fausto J; Joo P
Journal Of Palliative Medicine
2017
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10.1089/jpm.2017.0154