CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM STUDIES IN NEURONAL CEROID-LIPOFUSCINOSIS (NCL)
children; Genetics & Heredity; sleep; body temperature; circadian rhythms; cortisol; disturbance; melatonin; mental handicap; motor activity; neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; radioimmunoassay; retina; sleep disturbance/disorders; NCL3; trajectory; characteristics
Sleep disorders are common in NCL patients, The patients have problems such as frequent awakenings, difficulties with sleep onset, nightmares, and night terrors, The aim of the study was to examine whether the sleep disturbance in NCL can be explained on the basis of desynchronised circadian rhythms, Therefore we studied diurnal patterns of melatonin, cortisol, body temperature, and motor activity of 14 patients, The group consisted of 8 JNCL patients, 5 INCL children, and one boy with Jansky-Bielschowsky disease of the variant type, There were healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects, The blood samples for serum melatonin and cortisol were collected every 2 hours during 24-hour periods, Body temperature was recorded continuously for a 24 hour period by a polygraph, Diurnal motor activity was measured by wrist actigraphy for 5 days, In most of our patients sleep was fragmented and the sleep phase was irregular, Disturbances in the daily hormonal rhythms occurred only in the minority of the patients and only at an advanced stage of the disease, Although disturbances in the body temperature rhythm were found in about half of the patients, a general failure in the circadian regulatory system does not explain the frequent disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle of the NCL patients. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Heikkila E; Hatonen T H; Telakivi T; Laakso M L; Heiskala H; Salmi T; Alila A; Santavuori P
American Journal of Medical Genetics
1995
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320570223" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajmg.1320570223</a>
Mobilization of opioid-containing polymorphonuclear cells by hematopoietic growth factors and influence on inflammatory pain
Male; Animals; Rats; Biomarkers of Pain; Inflammation/complications; RNA; Pain Measurement/drug effects; Radioimmunoassay; Pain/drug therapy/physiopathology; Wistar; Neutrophils/metabolism; Messenger/biosynthesis; DNA Primers; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Flow Cytometry; Cell Adhesion Molecules/pharmacology; Cell Separation; Chemokines/biosynthesis; Chemotaxis; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology; Hindlimb/physiology; Leukocyte/drug effects; Light; Narcotics/metabolism/pharmacology; Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology
BACKGROUND: Leukocytes can control inflammatory pain by secretion of opioid peptides, stimulated by cold-water swimming or local injection of corticotropin-releasing factor, and subsequent activation of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons. This study investigated whether mobilization of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) enhances immigration of opioid-containing PMN and peripheral opioid analgesia in rats with Freund complete adjuvant-induced hind paw inflammation. METHODS: In circulating PMN of rats treated with G-CSF+SCF and sham-treated rats, opioid peptide content was measured by radioimmunoassay. Expression of adhesion molecules (CD62L, CD49d, CD18), in vitro migration in the Boyden chamber, and infiltrating leukocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Chemokine messenger RNA transcription was quantified by LightCycler polymerase chain reaction. Paw pressure threshold was measured at baseline, after cold-water swimming, and after injection of corticotropin-releasing factor. RESULTS: G-CSF+SCF treatment increased circulating PMN (11-fold, P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: G-CSF+SCF mobilized circulating opioid-containing PMN but had a minor influence on cell migration and peripheral analgesia, probably because of the low expression of chemokines in the inflamed paw and one of the decreased beta-endorphin content in PMN.
2004
Brack A; Rittner HL; Machelska H; Beschmann K; Sitte N; Schafer M; Stein C
Anesthesiology
2004
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200401000-00024" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00000542-200401000-00024</a>
Opioid peptides endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the immune system in humans and in a rodent model of inflammation
Humans; Male; Animals; Rats; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; Arthritis; Radioimmunoassay; Concanavalin A/pharmacology; Wistar; Spleen/chemistry; Thymus Gland/chemistry; Morphine/pharmacology; Apoptosis/drug effects; Experimental/immunology/metabolism; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects; Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry/drug effects; Oligopeptides/analysis/pharmacology; Synovial Fluid/chemistry
Endomorphin (EM)-1 and EM-2 are tetrapeptides with high affinity and selectivity for the micro-opioid receptor. We have utilized specific radioimmunoassays to characterize EM-1 and EM-2 in immune tissues from normal human subjects and from rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). PBLs from three normal human subjects contained 248, 13, and 303 pg EM-1 per 100 million cells, whereas EM-2 was measured in two subjects at 69 and 588 pg per 100 million cells. In AA rats, EM-1 (but not EM-2) contents in the spleen and thymus were elevated compared with levels in tissues from non-AA controls. EM-1 was detectable in five of eight samples of synovial tissue from inflamed hind paws, whereas EM-2 was detectable in two of eight synovial extracts. Neither EM-1 nor EM-2 were detectable in synovial tissue from non-AA rats. To our knowledge, this is the first report of endomorphins in normal human immune cells. Increased endomorphin expression or uptake in peripheral tissues in a rodent model of chronic inflammation provides potential for endomorphins to selectively modulate chronic inflammation in mammals.
2002
Jessop DS; Richards LJ; Harbuz MS
Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences
2002
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04247.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04247.x</a>
Endogenous opioid activity in clinical hemorrhagic shock
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Aged; Middle Aged; Blood Pressure; adolescent; Biomarkers of Pain; Radioimmunoassay; Wounds; Hydrocortisone/blood; Accidents; Endorphins/blood/metabolism; Hemorrhagic/blood/etiology/physiopathology; Nonpenetrating/blood/etiology/physiopathology; Shock; Traffic; Trauma Centers
Plasma beta-endorphin, cortisol and total opioid-like activities were measured upon arrival at the hospital in ten patients with extensive trauma and in a state of shock and 11 patients with minor injury. Patients in a state of shock had significantly (p less than 0.01) higher mean plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity than patients with minor trauma (128.8 +/- 24.8 picomolars versus 31.7 +/- 5.6 picomolars). There were no significant intergroup differences in the mean plasma cortisol concentration (27.7 +/- 4.7 micrograms per deciliter versus 20.6 +/- 2.7 micrograms per deciliter) or opioid ligand activity (2.28 +/- 0.62 nanomolars versus 3.17 +/- 0.99 nanomolars). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that certain endogenous opioids may be physiopathologic factors in hemorrhagic shock but provide no proof of a cause and effect relationship.
1985
Shatney CH; Cohen RM; Cohen MR; Imagawa DK
Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics
1985
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198606000-00011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00132586-198606000-00011</a>
Methionine enkephalin-like, substance P-like, and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in human parotid saliva
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Biomarkers of Pain; beta-Endorphin/analysis; Circadian Rhythm; Enkephalin; Methionine/analysis; Parotid Gland/secretion; Radioimmunoassay; Saliva/chemistry; Salivary Proteins/analysis; Substance P/analysis
These three neuropeptides were measured at daily baseline values by radioimmunoassay. Stimulated parotid saliva was collected from 31 subjects using a modified Carlson-Crittenden device affixed over Stenson's duct. Methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity ranged from 6.6 to 11.7 fmol/ml, with a mean of 9.3 fmol/ml. Substance P-like immunoreactivity ranged from 6.1 to 12.6 fmol/ml, with a mean of 9.3 fmol/ml. beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity ranged from 1.2 to 3.6 fmol/ml, with a mean of 2.6 fmol/ml. This is believed to be the first documentation of methionine enkephalin- and substance P-like activities in human parotid saliva and the first demonstration of beta-endorphin-like activity in any type of human saliva. Substance P-like activity was significantly higher in morning than evening samples; beta-endorphin-like activity also tended to be higher in the morning samples. Substance P and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivities covaried in a significant positive manner, suggesting either common control mechanisms or similar responses to physiological variables.
1992
Pikula DL; Harris EF; Desiderio DM; Fridland GH; Lovelace JL
Archives Of Oral Biology
1992
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(92)90076-k" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/0003-9969(92)90076-k</a>
Pain killers of the immune system
Animals; Rats; Biomarkers of Pain; RNA; Immunohistochemistry; Radioimmunoassay; beta-Endorphin/biosynthesis/physiology; Inflammation/pathology/physiopathology; Messenger/genetics; Pain/pathology/physiopathology; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
1997
Sharp B; Yaksh T
Nature Medicine
1997
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nm0897-831" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1038/nm0897-831</a>
Beta-endorphin concentrations in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of migraine and tension-type headache patients
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; beta-Endorphin/blood; Biomarkers of Pain; Radioimmunoassay; Leukocytes; Headache/blood; Migraine Disorders/blood; Mononuclear/chemistry
Levels of beta-endorphin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been studied as a new approach to investigating opioid tone in migraine and tension-type headache. Sixty-one patients with migraine without aura, 39 with migraine with aura and 23 with episodic tension-type headache were compared with 37 healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples were taken from patients not enduring headache attacks and not undergoing prophylactic treatment. A significant reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell beta-endorphin concentrations was observed in migraine patients with and without aura, but not in tension-type headache patients. Altered transmitter modulation to peripheral blood mononuclear cells may be the cause of this alteration, which could be part of a more diffuse opioid system derangement in migraine subjects.
1992
Leone M; Sacerdote P; D'Amico D; Panerai AE; Bussone G
Cephalalgia
1992
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1992.1203155.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1046/j.1468-2982.1992.1203155.x</a>
Opioid peptide-expressing leukocytes: identification, recruitment, and simultaneously increasing inhibition of inflammatory pain
Male; Pain Measurement; Analgesia; Animals; Rats; beta-Endorphin/blood; Biomarkers of Pain; Pain/physiopathology; Immunohistochemistry; Radioimmunoassay; Biomarkers Reference List; Wistar; Antibodies; Antigens; CD45/isolation & purification; Fluorescent Dyes; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology; Immunomagnetic Separation; Inflammation/chemically induced/metabolism/pathology; Leukocytes/metabolism; Lymphocytes/immunology; Monoclonal/pharmacology; Opioid Peptides/biosynthesis
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pain can be effectively controlled by an interaction of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve terminals with opioid peptides released from immune cells upon stressful stimulation. To define the source of opioid peptide production, we sought to identify and quantify populations of opioid-containing cells during the course of Freund's complete adjuvant-induced hind paw inflammation in the rat. In parallel, we examined the development of stress-induced local analgesia in the paw. METHODS: At 2, 6, and 96 h after Freund's complete adjuvant inoculation, cells were characterized by flow cytometry using a monoclonal pan-opioid antibody (3E7) and antibodies against cell surface antigens and by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody to beta-endorphin. After magnetic cell sorting, the beta-endorphin content was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Pain responses before and after cold water swim stress were evaluated by paw pressure thresholds. RESULTS: In early inflammation, 66% of opioid peptide-producing (3E7+) leukocytes were HIS48+ granulocytes. In contrast, at later stages (96 h), the majority of 3E7+ immune cells were ED1+ monocytes or macrophages (73%). During the 4 days after Freund's complete adjuvant inoculation, the number of 3E7+ cells increased 5.6-fold (P < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test) and the beta-endorphin content in the paw multiplied 3.9-fold (P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). In parallel, cold water swim stress-induced analgesia increased by 160% (P < 0.01, analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of endogenous pain inhibition is proportional to the number of opioid peptide-producing cells, and distinct leukocyte lineages contribute to this function at different stages of inflammation. These mechanisms may be important for understanding pain in immunosuppressed states such as cancer, diabetes, or AIDS and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies in inflammatory diseases.
2001
Rittner HL; Brack A; Machelska H; Mousa SA; Bauer M; Schafer M; Stein C
Anesthesiology
2001
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200108000-00036" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00000542-200108000-00036</a>
Increased concentration of beta-endorphin in sera of patients with psoriasis and other inflammatory dermatoses
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Aged; Middle Aged; Acute Disease; adolescent; Comparative Study; beta-Endorphin/blood; Radioimmunoassay; Atopic/blood; Dermatitis; Psoriasis/blood; Scleroderma; Systemic/blood
Serum beta-endorphin was quantified by radioimmunoassay in 71 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, other chronic inflammatory skin diseases with T-cell infiltrates [atopic dermatitis (n = 25), and systemic sclerosis (n = 34)], and 100 healthy subjects. The neuropeptide was found to be markedly (P 60% body surface; 16.2 pg/ml), which lasted longer than 3 months (15.8 pg/ml), whereas neither the presence of stress nor itching correlated with the serum peptide concentration. Our data suggest that beta-endorphin is produced in psoriatic lesions by inflammatory cells, rather than the increased levels being the result of activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis by chronic stress. The generation of neuropeptide in psoriatic lesions and its antinociceptive effect on the peripheral sensory nerves might explain why pruritus is a relatively rare phenomenon in psoriasis.
1994
Glinski W; Brodecka H; Glinska-Ferenz M; Kowalski D
The British Journal Of Dermatology
1994
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08502.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08502.x</a>