1
40
6
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200403000-00006" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200403000-00006</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Irreversible intestinal failure
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal Of Pediatric Gastroenterology And Nutrition
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004
Subject
The topic of the resource
Child; Humans; Parenteral Nutrition; Adaptation; infant; Physiological; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestinal Absorption; Digestive Physiology; Hirschsprung Disease/complications; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/complications/surgery; Intestines/transplantation; Liver Diseases/prevention & control; Malabsorption Syndromes/etiology/therapy; Short Bowel Syndrome/complications/surgery
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Goulet O; Ruemmele F; Lacaille F; Colomb V
Description
An account of the resource
Intestinal failure (IF) can be defined as the reduction of functional gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for digestion and absorption adequate to satisfy the nutrient and fluid requirements for maintenance in adults or growth in children. In developed countries, IF mainly includes individuals with the congenital or early onset of conditions requiring protracted or indefinite parenteral nutrition (PN). Short bowel syndrome was the first commonly recognized cause of protracted IF. The normal physiologic process of intestinal adaptation after extensive resection usually allows for recovery of sufficient intestinal function within weeks to months. During this time, patients can be sustained on parenteral nutrition. Only a few children have permanent intestinal insufficiency and life-long dependency on PN. Non-transplant surgery including small bowel tapering and lengthening may allow weaning from PN in some cases. Hormonal therapy with recombinant human growth hormone has produced poor results while therapy with glucagon-like peptide-2 holds promise. Congenital diseases of enterocyte development such as microvillus inclusion disease or intestinal epithelial dysplasia cause permanent IF for which no curative medical treatment is currently available. Severe and extensive motility disorders such as total or subtotal intestinal aganglionosis (long segment Hirschsprung disease) or chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome may also cause permanent IF. PN and home-PN remain are the mainstays of therapy regardless of the cause of IF. Some patients develop complications while receiving long-term PN for IF especially catheter related complications (thrombosis, sepsis) and liver disease. These patients may be candidates for intestinal transplantation. This review discusses the causes of irreversible IF and emphasizes the specific medico-surgical strategies for prevention and treatment of these conditions at several stages of IF.
2004
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200403000-00006" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00005176-200403000-00006</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
2004
Adaptation
Backlog
Child
Colomb V
Digestive Physiology
Gastrointestinal Motility
Goulet O
Hirschsprung Disease/complications
Humans
Infant
Intestinal Absorption
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/complications/surgery
Intestines/transplantation
Journal Article
Journal Of Pediatric Gastroenterology And Nutrition
Lacaille F
Liver Diseases/prevention & control
Malabsorption Syndromes/etiology/therapy
Parenteral Nutrition
Physiological
Ruemmele F
Short Bowel Syndrome/complications/surgery
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01075" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01075</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cellular oxygen sensing need in CNS function: physiological and pathological implications.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Journal Of Experimental Biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Regional Blood Flow; Physiological; Adaptation; Brain/me [Metabolism]; Hypoxia; Central Nervous System/bs [Blood Supply]; Central Nervous System/me [Metabolism]; Homeostasis/ph [Physiology]; Hypoxia; Oxygen/me [Metabolism]; Transcription Factors/me [Metabolism]; alpha Subunit; Apoptosis/ph [Physiology]; Brain/pp [Physiopathology]; Cell Hypoxia/ph [Physiology]; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; NADPH Oxidase/me [Metabolism]; Neovascularization; Pathologic/pp [Physiopathology]; Signal Transduction/ph [Physiology]; Transcription Factors/ph [Physiology]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Acker Till; Acker H
Description
An account of the resource
Structural and functional integrity of brain function profoundly depends on a regular oxygen and glucose supply. Any disturbance of this supply becomes life threatening and may result in severe loss of brain function. In particular, reductions in oxygen availability (hypoxia) caused by systemic or local blood circulation irregularities cannot be tolerated for longer periods due to an insufficient energy supply to the brain by anaerobic glycolysis. Hypoxia has been implicated in central nervous system pathology in a number of disorders including stroke, head trauma, neoplasia and neurodegenerative disease. Complex cellular oxygen sensing systems have evolved for tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis in the brain. In response to variations in oxygen partial pressure (P(O(2))) these induce adaptive mechanisms to avoid or at least minimize brain damage. A significant advance in our understanding of the hypoxia response stems from the discovery of the hypoxia inducible factors (HIF), which act as key regulators of hypoxia-induced gene expression. Depending on the duration and severity of the oxygen deprivation, cellular oxygen-sensor responses activate a variety of short- and long-term energy saving and cellular protection mechanisms. Hypoxic adaptation encompasses an immediate depolarization block by changing potassium, sodium and chloride ion fluxes across the cellular membrane, a general inhibition of protein synthesis, and HIF-mediated upregulation of gene expression of enzymes or growth factors inducing angiogenesis, anaerobic glycolysis, cell survival or neural stem cell growth. However, sustained and prolonged activation of the HIF pathway may lead to a transition from neuroprotective to cell death responses. This is reflected by the dual features of the HIF system that include both anti- and proapoptotic components. These various responses might be based on a range of oxygen-sensing signal cascades, including an isoform of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, different electron carrier units of the mitochondrial chain such as a specialized mitochondrial, low P(O(2)) affinity cytochrome c oxidase (aa(3)) and a subfamily of 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases termed HIF prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD) and HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase, known as factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH-1). Thus specific oxygen-sensing cascades, by means of their different oxygen sensitivities, cell-specific and subcellular localization, may help to tailor various adaptive responses according to differences in tissue oxygen availability.
2004
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01075" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1242/jeb.01075</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
2004
Acker H
Acker Till
Adaptation
alpha Subunit
Apoptosis/ph [Physiology]
Backlog
Brain/me [Metabolism]
Brain/pp [Physiopathology]
Cell Hypoxia/ph [Physiology]
Central Nervous System/bs [Blood Supply]
Central Nervous System/me [Metabolism]
Gene Expression Regulation
Homeostasis/ph [Physiology]
Humans
Hypoxia
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
Journal Article
NADPH Oxidase/me [Metabolism]
Neovascularization
Oxygen/me [Metabolism]
Pathologic/pp [Physiopathology]
Physiological
Regional Blood Flow
Signal Transduction/ph [Physiology]
The Journal Of Experimental Biology
Transcription Factors/me [Metabolism]
Transcription Factors/ph [Physiology]
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(76)90540-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(76)90540-4</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The metabolic events of starvation
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The American Journal Of Medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Adaptation; Body Weight; Body Composition; Homeostasis; Alanine/me [Metabolism]; Brain/metabolism; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Fasting; Gluconeogenesis; Ketones/metabolism; Kidney/metabolism; Liver/metabolism; Physiological; Proteins/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Starvation/metabolism; Triglycerides/metabolism; Water-Electrolyte Balance
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Saudek CD; Felig P
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(76)90540-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/0002-9343(76)90540-4</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
Description
An account of the resource
1976
1976
Adaptation
Alanine/me [Metabolism]
Backlog
Body Composition
Body Weight
Brain/metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Fasting
Felig P
Gluconeogenesis
Homeostasis
Humans
Journal Article
Ketones/metabolism
Kidney/metabolism
Liver/metabolism
Physiological
Proteins/metabolism
Saudek CD
Sodium/metabolism
Starvation/metabolism
The American Journal Of Medicine
Triglycerides/metabolism
Water-Electrolyte Balance
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-595x(76)80028-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-595x(76)80028-x</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Starvation in man
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
New England Journal Of Medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
Time Factors; Adaptation; Body Weight; Human; Homeostasis; Fasting; Gluconeogenesis; Physiological; Fatty Acids; Starvation/me [Metabolism]; Triglycerides/me [Metabolism]; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/ph [Physiology]; Alanine/me [Metabolism]; Brain/me [Metabolism]; Glucagon/me [Metabolism]; Glucose/metabolism; Glucose/pd [Pharmacology]; Insulin/me [Metabolism]; Insulin/ph [Physiology]; Kidney/me [Metabolism]; Liver/me [Metabolism]; Nitrogen/me [Metabolism]; Nonesterified/me [Metabolism]; Proteins/me [Metabolism]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cahill GF
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-595x(76)80028-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/s0300-595x(76)80028-x</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
Description
An account of the resource
1970
1970
Adaptation
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/ph [Physiology]
Alanine/me [Metabolism]
Backlog
Body Weight
Brain/me [Metabolism]
Cahill GF
Fasting
Fatty Acids
Glucagon/me [Metabolism]
Gluconeogenesis
Glucose/metabolism
Glucose/pd [Pharmacology]
Homeostasis
Human
Insulin/me [Metabolism]
Insulin/ph [Physiology]
Journal Article
Kidney/me [Metabolism]
Liver/me [Metabolism]
New England Journal Of Medicine
Nitrogen/me [Metabolism]
Nonesterified/me [Metabolism]
Physiological
Proteins/me [Metabolism]
Starvation/me [Metabolism]
Time Factors
Triglycerides/me [Metabolism]
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1054/clnu.2000.0157" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1054/clnu.2000.0157</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Hunger disease
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinical Nutrition (edinburgh, Scotland)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Nutritional Support; Health Status; Time Factors; Adaptation; Energy Metabolism; Body Composition; Physiological; Starvation/metabolism; Adipose Tissue/metabolism; Appetite/physiology; Eating/physiology; Hunger/physiology; Nutrition Disorders/metabolism; Obesity/metabolism/physiopathology; Weight Loss/physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Elia M
Description
An account of the resource
This paper examines three aspects of hunger disease: the effect of initial fat stores on macronutrient fuel selection during total starvation (no energy) and how it influences survival; the effects of different rates of weight loss on tissue and body function; and the importance of appetite sensations, including hunger, during malnutrition and during enteral and parenteral nutritional support. Long-term starvation studies in humans reveal major differences in fat carbohydrate and protein metabolism between lean and obese subjects, including a 2-4-fold lower contribution of protein oxidation to energy expenditure in obese subjects, which ensures that more of the excess body fat is oxidized. The rate of weight loss, determined by recent dietary intake, can have major effects on tissue and body function, including wound healing, the acute phase protein response, muscle fatigue and psychological/behavioural function in both clinical and non-clinical settings. In depleted states uncomplicated by disease, changes in appetite sensations can result in energy intakes as high as 6000 to 10,000 kcal/day ( 25-42 MJ/day). Long-term enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition are associated with frequent disturbances in appetite sensations, and in those able to eat normally they tend to add rather than replace oral intake to an extent that appears to depend on the regimen. It is concluded that 1) differences between lean and obese subjects in macronutrient fuel selection during starvation are adaptive because they optimize survival in both groups of subjects; 2) the rate of weight loss in health and disease has a major effect on certain tissue and body functions, independently of the magnitude of weight loss; and 3) clinically relevant disturbances in appetite sensations are common subjects receiving long-term enteral and parenteral nutrition. The clinical modulation of all these variables would be aided by greater knowledge of the mechanisms involved.
2000
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1054/clnu.2000.0157" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1054/clnu.2000.0157</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
2000
Adaptation
Adipose Tissue/metabolism
Appetite/physiology
Backlog
Body Composition
Clinical Nutrition (edinburgh, Scotland)
Eating/physiology
Elia M
Energy Metabolism
Health Status
Humans
Hunger/physiology
Journal Article
Nutrition Disorders/metabolism
Nutritional Support
Obesity/metabolism/physiopathology
Physiological
Starvation/metabolism
Time Factors
Weight Loss/physiology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199801153380307" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199801153380307</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The New England Journal Of Medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1998
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Adaptation; Biomarkers of Pain; Brain/physiology; Immune System/physiology; Homeostasis; Physiological; Stress/physiopathology; Cardiovascular Physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
McEwen BS
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199801153380307" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1056/nejm199801153380307</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
Description
An account of the resource
1998
1998
Adaptation
Backlog
Biomarkers of Pain
Brain/physiology
Cardiovascular Physiology
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune System/physiology
Journal Article
McEwen BS
Physiological
Stress/physiopathology
The New England Journal Of Medicine