When a child dies: a systematic review of well-defined parent-focused bereavement interventions and their alignment with grief- and loss theories
Attitude to Death; Grief; Adaptation; Bereavement; Hospice Care/methods/psychology/standards; Humans; Interventions; Models theoretical; Paediatrics; Parenting/psychology; Parents; Parents/psychology; Psychological; Psychological Theory; Social Support; Systematic review
BACKGROUND: The availability of interventions for bereaved parents have increased. However, most are practice based. To enhance the implementation of bereavement care for parents, an overview of interventions which are replicable and evidence-based are needed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of well-defined bereavement interventions, focused on the parents, and delivered by regular health care professionals. Also, we explore the alignment between the interventions identified and the concepts contained in theories on grief in order to determine their theoretical evidence base. METHOD: A systematic review was conducted using the methods PALETTE and PRISMA. The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. We included articles containing well-defined, replicable, paediatric bereavement interventions, focused on the parent, and performed by regular health care professionals. We excluded interventions on pathological grief, or interventions performed by healthcare professionals specialised in bereavement care. Quality appraisal was evaluated using the risk of bias, adapted risk of bias, or COREQ. In order to facilitate the evaluation of any theoretical foundation, a synthesis of ten theories about grief and loss was developed showing five key concepts: anticipatory grief, working models or plans, appraisal processes, coping, and continuing bonds. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles were included, describing fifteen interventions. Five overarching components of intervention were identified covering the content of all interventions. These were: the acknowledgement of parenthood and the child's life; establishing keepsakes; follow-up contact; education and information, and; remembrance activities. The studies reported mainly on how to conduct, and experiences with, the interventions, but not on their effectiveness. Since most interventions lacked empirical evidence, they were evaluated against the key theoretical concepts which showed that all the components of intervention had a theoretical base. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of most interventions, their alignment with theoretical components shows support for most interventions on a conceptual level. Parents should be presented with a range of interventions, covered by a variety of theoretical components, and aimed at supporting different needs. Bereavement interventions should focus more on the continuous process of the transition parents experience in readjusting to a new reality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in Prospero (registration number: CRD42019119241).
Kochen EM; Jenken F; Boelen PA; Deben LMA; Fahner JC; van den Hoogen A; Teunissen SCCM; Geleijns K; Kars MC
BMC Palliative Care
2020
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-020-0529-z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1186/s12904-020-0529-z</a>
Experiencing transitions: an emerging middle-range theory
Humans; Cultural Diversity; Health Status; Life Change Events; Helping Behavior; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Practice; quality of life; Adaptation; Psychological; Caregivers/psychology; Attitudes; Family/psychology; Health Knowledge; Health Care; Quality Indicators; Psychological Theory; nursing theory; Emigration and Immigration; Menopause/psychology; Nursing Care/methods/psychology/standards; Parenting/psychology
Changes in health and illness of individuals create a process of transition, and clients in transition tend to be more vulnerable to risks that may in turn affect their health. Uncovering these risks may be enhanced by understanding the transition process. As a central concept of nursing, transition has been analyzed, its components identified, and a framework to articulate and to reflect the relationship between these components has been defined. In this article, the previous conceptual analysis of transitions is extended and refined by drawing on the results of five different research studies that have examined transitions using an integrative approach to theory development. The emerging middle-range theory of transitions consists of types and patterns of transitions, properties of transition experiences, facilitating and inhibiting conditions, process indicators, outcome indicators, and nursing therapeutics. The diversity, complexity, and multiple dimensionality of transition experiences need to be further explored and incorporated in future research and nursing practice related to transitions.
2000
Meleis AI; Sawyer LM; Im EO; Hilfinger Messias DK; Schumacher K
Advances In Nursing Science
2000
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-200009000-00006" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00012272-200009000-00006</a>
Gender differences in parenting a child with cancer
Child; Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Attitude to Health; Parent-Child Relations; Questionnaires; adolescent; Preschool; Adaptation; Psychological; Models; Parents/psychology; Parent caregivers; Gender Identity; Neoplasms/psychology; Parenting/psychology; Socialization
This study of 124 parents of children diagnosed with cancer investigates parents' perceptions of their role in the illness situation. The study found that mothers and fathers differ in their experience of and response to parenting a child with cancer. These differences appear to reflect traditional parenting roles characterized by a gender-based division of labor. Sex-role socialization theory is discussed as an explanatory model of the parenting experience. Practice recommendations are offered to medical social workers and other health care professionals concerned about the long term psychosocial adjustment of parents with chronically ill children.
1996
Brown KA; Barbarin OA
Social Work In Health Care
1996
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1300/j010v22n04_04" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1300/j010v22n04_04</a>
Issues in Islamic biomedical ethics: a primer for the pediatrician
Child; Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Attitude to Death; Religion and Medicine; Cultural Characteristics; Bioethics; adolescent; Professional Patient Relationship; United States/epidemiology; Jurisprudence; Parenting/psychology; Bioethics and Professional Ethics; Child Development/classification; Child Rearing; Human Rights/standards; Islam/psychology; Religious Approach
The United States is becoming increasingly pluralistic. Pediatricians must become familiar with the factors that affect the emotional, physical, and spiritual health of their patients that are outside the kin of the traditionally dominant value system. Although many articles have addressed the cultural and ethnic factors, very few have considered the impact of religion. Islam, as the largest and fastest-growing religion in the world, has adherent throughout the world, including the United States, with 50% of US Muslims being indigenous converts. Islam presents a complete moral, ethical, and medical framework that, while it sometimes concurs, at times diverges or even conflicts with the US secular ethical framework. This article introduces the pediatrician to the Islamic principles of ethics within the field of pediatric care and child-rearing. It demonstrates how these principles may impact outpatient and inpatient care. Special attention is also given to adolescent and end-of-life issues.
2001
Hedayat KM; Pirzadeh R
Pediatrics
2001
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.4.965" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1542/peds.108.4.965</a>