1 40 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Treatment of Symptoms in Children with Q3 Conditions Scoping Review Results Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. URL Address <a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410270112" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/​10.1002/ana.410270112</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Naltrexone therapy of apnea in children with elevated cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Annals of Neurology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990 Subject The topic of the resource beta-Endorphin/cerebrospinal fluid; Male; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy; Infant Newborn; Leigh Disease/cerebrospinal fluid; Child; Humans; Prospective Studies; Naltrexone/therapeutic use; Female; Child Preschool; Infant; Biomarkers of Pain; child; female; male; beta-Endorphin/cerebrospinal fluid; Naltrexone/therapeutic use; Sleep Apnea Syndromes/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy; breathing difficulties; Leigh syndrome; pharmacologic intervention; oral naltrexone; naltrexone; sleep apnea Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Myer E C; Morris D L; Brase D A; Dewey W L; Zimmerman A W Description An account of the resource Previous studies have indicated increased immunoreactivity of the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants under 2 years of age with apnea. To assess the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of apnea in children, the effect of oral treatment with the opioid antagonist naltrexone was studied in apneic infants, as well as in older apneic children, with demonstrated increases in CSF immunoreactive beta-endorphin (i-BE). In the 8 apneic infants with elevated i-BE in lumbar CSF (range, 55-155 pg/ml; normal, 17-52 pg/ml), no further apnea occurred during naltrexone therapy (1 mg/kg/day, by mouth). Five children (2-8 years old) with apnea of unknown cause had elevated CSF i-BE (range, 74-276 pg/ml) compared to 6 age-matched nonapneic children (range, 15-48 pg/ml). No apneic events occurred during naltrexone therapy, except in 1 child during stressful events, but apnea recurred in some patients after attempts to discontinue naltrexone treatment. Adverse effects of naltrexone included complaints of headaches in 2 children and symptoms of a narcotic withdrawal syndrome during the first 3 days of treatment in 1 child. Three children with Leigh's syndrome had elevated CSF i-BE (range, 104-291 pg/ml) and their apnea also responded to naltrexone. We conclude that elevated endogenous opioids contribute to the pathogenesis of apnea in children and may even result in physical dependence. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410270112" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ana.410270112</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s). 1990 Annals Of Neurology beta-Endorphin/cerebrospinal fluid Biomarkers of Pain Brase D A breathing difficulties Child Child Preschool Dewey W L Female Humans Infant Infant Newborn Leigh Disease/cerebrospinal fluid Leigh syndrome Male Morris D L Myer E C Naltrexone Naltrexone/therapeutic use oral naltrexone pharmacologic intervention Prospective Studies Sleep apnea Sleep Apnea Syndromes/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy Zimmerman A W