Browse Items (86 total)

Since the founding of the first hospice in the United States in 1974, the number of health care organizations providing hospice services has grown rapidly. In 1978, the U.S. General Accounting Office identified 59 operational hospices [1]. A survey…

In the past decade there have been significant advances in our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of childhood neurodegenerative storage disorders.…

We describe those sensations that are unpleasant, intense, or distressing as painful. Pain is not homogeneous, however, and comprises three categories: physiological, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. Multiple mechanisms contribute, each of which…

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a mortality risk predictor based on physiologic data that estimates daily the probability of a patient dying within the next 24 hrs as that probability changes with disease and recovery. SETTING: Nine pediatric ICUs…

In this review a case is presented for the use of mathematical modelling in the study of pain. The philosophy of mathematical modelling is outlined and a recommendation is made for the use of modern nonlinear techniques and computational neuroscience…

Throughout the long history of opioid drug use by humans, it has been known that opioids are powerful analgesics, but they can cause addiction. It has also been observed, and is now substantiated by multiple reports and studies, that during opioid…

This review article addresses first the different palliative care models currently in use. Studies addressing the effectiveness of the models used are briefly summarized. Special attention is further given to models developed and tested in palliative…

Providing care to a spouse or partner who is dying and then losing that person are among the most stressful of human experiences. A longitudinal study of the caregiving partners of men with AIDS showed that in addition to intense negative…

BACKGROUND: The study of how the quality of pediatric end-of-life care varies across systems of health care delivery and financing is hampered by lack of methods to adjust for the probability of death in populations of ill children. OBJECTIVE: To…

Pain is a complex construct that contributes to profound physical and psychological dysfunction, particularly in individuals coping with chronic pain. The current paper builds upon previous research, describes a balanced conceptual model that…

Objective: To examine the roles of psychologists in delivering pediatric palliative care (PPC) services, barriers and facilitators of psychologists’ involvement in PPC, and strategies to improve psychology integration into PPC. Method: N = 131 PPC…

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) alone are unlikely to provide reliable estimates of the incidence of rare events because of their limited size. Cohort, case control, and other observational studies have large numbers but are vulnerable to various…

Adams et al. (1992) presented the results of 2 studies designed to replicate previous work by Davis (1989) regarding perceived usefulness, ease of use, and their influence on the usage of information technology. To measure the influence of usefulness…

The theory of uncertainty in illness has its strongest support among subjects who are experiencing the acute phase of illness or are in a downward illness trajectory (mishel, 1988a). The theory has not addressed the experience of living with…

Although clinicians may value respecting a patient's or surrogate's autonomy in decision-making, it is not always clear how to proceed in clinical practice. The confusion results, in part, from which conception of autonomy is used to guide ethical…

This study examined the importance of reported sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 1987) in mothers of children with hearing impairment. Sense of coherence was explored as a factor in relation to the experience of stress and subjective life satisfaction…

Investigators of sibling bereavement contend that the death of a sibling represents a unique and intense loss experience. The empirical literature, however, lacks conceptual clarity about the characteristics of sibling bereavement. Metaphors of…

Previously overlooked factors in elders' depressive symptomatology were examined, including death fear, sibling death, and sibling closeness. Participants were 150 elders (61 men, 89 women) aged 65-97 years with at least one sibling. Measures were…

PURPOSE: Social network analysis (SNA) provides a way of quantitatively analyzing relationships among people or other information-processing agents. Using 2 practices as illustrations, we describe how SNA can be used to characterize and compare…

In the Salutogenic Model, Aaron Antonovsky suggested that a sense of coherence (SOC) is the key determinant in the maintenance of health. He theorized that individuals with a strong SOC have the ability to (a) define life events as less stressful…

This article describes the use of structural equation modeling with latent variables to examine group differences and test competing models about cause-effect relationships in passive longitudinal designs. This approach is compared with several other…

The belief that loss can result in growth has been hypothesized for centuries.Yet, traditional grief theories have viewed grief work as a process of resolving grief and returning to normal. Formal conceptualizations of grief to growth models have…

Considerable research has focused on hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSHs), but little of that research has focused on the role played by chronic disease in ACSHs involving children or youth (C/Y). This research…

While chronic illness has a profound impact upon the individual, an immense burden is imposed upon the family. When the competing demands of an illness and the family escalate exponentially, there may be a crisis. Traditionally, crisis theory has…

As cells undergo apoptosis, they are recognized and removed from the body by phagocytes. This oft-overlooked yet critical final step in the cell-death programme protects tissues from exposure to the toxic contents of dying cells and also serves to…

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive, neurovisceral lipid storage disorder. Mutations in two genes (NPC1 and NPC2) produce indistinguishable clinical phenotypes by biochemical mechanisms that have not yet been entirely…

In recent years, the observation that the response of patients to opioid drugs may be influenced by properties inherent in the pain or pain syndrome, such as its pathophysiology, has evolved into the belief that certain types of pain, e.g.,…

This article describes the framework and clinical pathway for ON TRAC (Taking Responsibility for Adolescent/Adult Care), a model of transition care for adolescents with chronic health conditions, as applied to pediatric transplant transition. This…

The multidisciplinary field of stress and stress-related health outcomes has generated theoretical and practical knowledge which is of interest to nurses. Theoretical developments which have assumed a prominent role in the study of stress, health and…

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study aim was to develop a service evaluation tool for an advance care planning model implemented in community palliative care., BACKGROUND: Internationally, advance care planning programmes usually measure success by…

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The transition of healthcare from pediatric to adult settings has become more significant over the past 20 years as the survival of young people with chronic illness and disability has increased and healthcare delivery has become…

Pediatric providers can expect that 1 of every 10 patients they see will have a chronic, activity-limiting health condition. Thanks to earlier diagnosis and improved therapies, most of these children will live well into adulthood. This means that…
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