Exposure to maternal depression and marital conflict: gender differences in children's later mental health symptoms
Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Child Psychology; Sex Factors; Conflict (Psychology); Mothers/psychology; Parent caregivers; Marriage/psychology; Mental Disorders/psychology; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis
OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of the timing of initial exposure to maternal depression and marital conflict on kindergarten children's mental health symptoms. METHOD: For 406 families (of 570 originally recruited), mothers reported on major depression and marital conflict on multiple occasions in the child's infancy and toddler/preschool periods. Mothers and teachers completed the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire when children were in kindergarten. RESULTS: Children evidenced co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms, although the mix was more toward internalizing for girls and externalizing for boys. Symptoms were more severe among children exposed to either adversity, and these effects were additive. Boys exposed to maternal depression in infancy had a preponderance of internalizing behaviors, but if subsequently exposed to marital conflict, the mix toward externalizing behaviors increased to match levels of clinic-referred children. For girls, the preponderance of internalizing symptoms increased to match levels of clinic-referred children when initial exposure to marital conflict occurred in the toddler/preschool period. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider both adversities across developmental periods, to distinguish the symptom severity from directionality, and to consider child gender. Prevention and intervention efforts that consider these findings are warranted.
2003
Essex MJ; Klein MH; Cho E; Kraemer HC
Journal Of The American Academy Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry
2003
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046849.56865.1D" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/01.CHI.0000046849.56865.1D</a>
Elderly psychiatric patient status and caregiver perceptions as predictors of caregiver burden
Humans; Family; Parent-Child Relations; Interpersonal Relations; Aged; Activities of Daily Living; Stress; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; Psychological Tests; Psychological/psychology; Home Nursing/psychology; Mental Disorders/psychology; Mental Status Schedule
1988
Pearson J; Verma S; Nellett C
The Gerontologist
1988
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/geront/28.1.79" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1093/geront/28.1.79</a>
Life threatening illness and hospice care.
Child; Humans; Attitude to Health; Parents; Professional-Family Relations; Longitudinal Studies; Hospices; Consumer Satisfaction; Respite Care; Family Health; adolescent; Preschool; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; bereavement; retrospective studies; social support; Terminal Care/psychology; Marriage; Employment; Mental Disorders/psychology
A retrospective study was undertaken of 25 families and their 26 ill children attending the first children's hospice in the United Kingdom. The study examined the family's perceptions of the care offered and the impact of chronic and life threatening illness. Eighteen (72%) of the families felt they had been well supported by the hospice and valued the family like atmosphere, perceiving the staff to be friendly, approachable, and helpful. The actual nature of hospice care, in an environment with other terminally ill children, was, however, considered a drawback for a few families. A number of families still had unmet needs, notably appropriate child minding when away from the hospice. The impact of chronic life threatening illness on the families was substantial. The parents (particularly the mothers), the index children, and their siblings all experienced much higher levels of psychological symptomatology than would have been expected from normal samples. While families felt greatly helped over symptom control, a proportion remained very worried about certain symptoms, particularly breathlessness, seizures, and pain. A high proportion of families were experiencing financial and employment difficulties as a result of their children's illnesses.
1989
Stein A; Forrest GC; Woolley H; Baum JD
Archives Of Disease In Childhood
1989
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1136/adc.64.5.697" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1136/adc.64.5.697</a>