Vulnerability and resilience to combat exposure: can stress have lifelong effects?
Humans; Male; Adult; Follow-Up Studies; Aged; Middle Aged; Longitudinal Studies; Defense Mechanisms; Europe; Stress; 80 and over; P.H.S.; Research Support; U.S. Gov't; Adaptation; Psychological; Psychological/complications; Personality Development; Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data; Software; Non-P.H.S.; Combat Disorders/diagnosis/psychology; Korea; Mathematical Computing; Veterans/psychology
The purpose of this study was to examine whether appraisals of desirable and undesirable effects of military service mediated the effect of combat stress on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in later life in 1,287 male veterans, aged 44-91 years (M = 63.56, SD = 7.46), 40% of whom had been in combat. The men reported more desirable effects of military service (e.g., mastery, self-esteem, and coping skills) than undesirable ones; both increased linearly with combat exposure (r = .17 and .33, p < .001, respectively). Path analysis revealed that the appraisals were independent and opposite mediators, with undesirable effects increasing and desirable effects decreasing the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD, even controlling for depression and response style. Although lifelong negative consequences of combat exposure were observed, perceiving positive benefits from this stressful experience mitigated the effect.
1994
Aldwin CM; Levenson MR; Spiro A
Psychology And Aging
1994
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.9.1.34" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1037//0882-7974.9.1.34</a>
Adjustment to chronic pain: the role of pain acceptance, coping strategies, and pain-related cognitions
Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Adult; Chronic disease; Aged; Middle Aged; Culture; Sick Role; Sex Factors; Activities of Daily Living; Depression; Internal-External Control; Psychometrics; Personality Inventory; Anxiety; Behavior Therapy; Adaptation; Psychological; Models; Statistical; Helplessness; Learned; Software; Mathematical Computing
BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that acceptance of pain is more successful than coping variables in predicting adjustment to pain. PURPOSE: To compare the influence of acceptance, pain-related cognitions and coping in adjustment to chronic pain. METHODS: One hundred seventeen chronic pain patients attending the Clinical Pain Unit were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing pain acceptance, active and passive coping, pain-related cognitions, and adjustment. RESULTS: The influence of acceptance, coping, and cognition on all the adjustment variables was considered simultaneously via Structural Equation Modeling using LISREL 8.30 software. A multigroup analysis showed that the male and female samples did not significantly differ regarding path coefficients. The final model showed that acceptance of pain determined functional status and functional impairment. However, coping measures had a significant influence on measures of emotional distress. Catastrophizing self-statements significantly influenced reported pain intensity and anxiety; resourcefulness beliefs had a negative and significant influence on depression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that acceptance may play a critical role in the maintenance of functioning and, with this aim, acceptance-based treatments are promising to avoid the development of disability. They also lend support to the role of control beliefs and of active coping to maintain a positive mood. Acceptance and coping are presented as complementary approaches.
2007-04
Esteve R; Ramírez-Maestre C; López-Marínez AE
Annals Of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication Of The Society Of Behavioral Medicine
2007
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08836610701309724" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/08836610701309724</a>