Adjustment to chronic pain: the role of pain acceptance, coping strategies, and pain-related cognitions
Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Adult; Chronic disease; Aged; Middle Aged; Culture; Sick Role; Sex Factors; Activities of Daily Living; Depression; Internal-External Control; Psychometrics; Personality Inventory; Anxiety; Behavior Therapy; Adaptation; Psychological; Models; Statistical; Helplessness; Learned; Software; Mathematical Computing
BACKGROUND: Previous research has found that acceptance of pain is more successful than coping variables in predicting adjustment to pain. PURPOSE: To compare the influence of acceptance, pain-related cognitions and coping in adjustment to chronic pain. METHODS: One hundred seventeen chronic pain patients attending the Clinical Pain Unit were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing pain acceptance, active and passive coping, pain-related cognitions, and adjustment. RESULTS: The influence of acceptance, coping, and cognition on all the adjustment variables was considered simultaneously via Structural Equation Modeling using LISREL 8.30 software. A multigroup analysis showed that the male and female samples did not significantly differ regarding path coefficients. The final model showed that acceptance of pain determined functional status and functional impairment. However, coping measures had a significant influence on measures of emotional distress. Catastrophizing self-statements significantly influenced reported pain intensity and anxiety; resourcefulness beliefs had a negative and significant influence on depression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that acceptance may play a critical role in the maintenance of functioning and, with this aim, acceptance-based treatments are promising to avoid the development of disability. They also lend support to the role of control beliefs and of active coping to maintain a positive mood. Acceptance and coping are presented as complementary approaches.
2007-04
Esteve R; Ramírez-Maestre C; López-Marínez AE
Annals Of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication Of The Society Of Behavioral Medicine
2007
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/08836610701309724" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/08836610701309724</a>
Intermittent but not continuous inescapable footshock stress affects immune responses and immunocyte beta-endorphin concentrations in the rat
Male; Time Factors; Animals; Acute Disease; Rats; Comparative Study; Receptors; beta-Endorphin/analysis; Corticosterone/blood; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/blood/pharmacology/physiology; Electroshock/adverse effects; Foot; Helplessness; Killer Cells; Learned; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoid Tissue/chemistry; Natural/immunology; Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology; Spleen/immunology; Sprague-Dawley; Stress/etiology/immunology
It is well known that a variety of stressors influence immune responses. The opioid peptide-beta-endorphin (BE) is deeply involved in stress responses, is synthesized in cells of the immune system, and participates in the modulation of immune function. We analyzed the ability of two different stress paradigms to modulate the beta-endorphin concentrations in the immune cells and the immune response in the rat. Two and 24 h after the exposure to inescapable intermittent footshock (1.6 mA, 60 Hz, 1 s, every 5 s for 20 min) the concentrations of beta-endorphin in splenocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph node cells were significantly increased. In contrast, the exposure to a continuous footshock for 3 min did not affect the concentrations of the opioid peptide. Similarly, phytohemoagglutinin-induced proliferation of splenocytes and natural killer activity were significantly impaired only after the exposure to intermittent footshock stress. On the contrary, plasma corticosterone levels were similarly elevated after both paradigms of stress. The pretreatment with the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor antagonist prevented both the stress-induced increase of immunocyte BE and immunosuppression. In conclusion, our data suggest that intermittent and continuous footshock stressors activate different neuroendocrine responses and that CRH plays a central role in mediating the immune effects of the intermittent footshock stress. The possible relationship between the beta-endorphin changes and immunosuppression is discussed.
1994
Sacerdote P; Manfredi B; Bianchi M; Panerai AE
Brain, Behavior, And Immunity
1994
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/brbi.1994.1023" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1006/brbi.1994.1023</a>
Towards clarification of convergent concepts: sense of coherence, will to meaning, locus of control, learned helplessness and hardiness
Humans; Self Concept; Attitude; Internal-External Control; Stress; Nursing; Psychological; Models; Health; Philosophy; Psychological/psychology; Helplessness; Learned; Freedom
The multidisciplinary field of stress and stress-related health outcomes has generated theoretical and practical knowledge which is of interest to nurses. Theoretical developments which have assumed a prominent role in the study of stress, health and coping include the identification of various 'stress buffers' several of which bear a strong conceptual resemblance to one another. Antonovsky has developed a Salutogenic Model of stress and resistance, which is presented in this paper. The model's central concept, the sense of coherence, is described and analysed. The sense of coherence, with its three components (meaningfulness, comprehensibility and manageability), is then compared and contrasted with similar concepts. The convergent theoretical notions which are distinguished from Antonovsky's coherence are: will to meaning, locus of control, learned helplessness and hardiness. It is hoped that this analysis will provide greater conceptual clarity for nurses who study and use these concepts in education, practice or research.
1993
Sullivan GC
Journal Of Advanced Nursing
1993
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18111772.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18111772.x</a>