The Role of Parental Monitoring in Understanding the Benefits of Parental Acceptance on Adolescent Adherence and Metabolic Control of Type 1 Diabetes
Adolescent Transitions
Objective: The study examined 1) whether the benefits of mothers' and fathers' accepting relationships with their adolescents on diabetic control were due to parental monitoring and 2) how parents together may provide sufficient acceptance and monitoring for diabetes management. Research Design and Methods: Adolescents aged 10-14 with type 1 diabetes (n = 185) and their mothers (n=185) and fathers (n =145) completed assessments of parental acceptance and monitoring of diabetes tasks. Adolescents completed a modified version of the Self-Care Inventory (1) to measure adherence. Glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) scores were used as a marker of glycemic control. Results: Mediational analyses revealed that the benefits of adolescents' reports of fathers' acceptance on HbA(1c) and mothers' and fathers' acceptance on better adherence were partially mediated by monitoring. Both mothers' and fathers' monitoring and fathers' acceptance had independent effects in predicting adherence. However, only fathers' monitoring had an independent effect on HbA(1c). The effect of fathers' monitoring on HbA(1c) occurred as fathers were monitoring at a lower level than mothers. Mothers' and fathers' reports of their own acceptance and monitoring were not associated with HbA(1c) or adherence. Conclusions: Results reveal the importance of fathers' acceptance and monitoring in diabetes management, a role that should be encouraged, despite the little attention it has received.
2008
Berg CA; Butler JM; Osborn P; King G; Palmer DL; Butner J; Murray M; Lindsay R; Donaldson D; Foster C; Swinyard M; Wiebe DJ
Diabetes Care
2008
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-1678" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.2337/dc07-1678</a>
Caregiving process and caregiver burden: conceptual models to guide research and practice.
Child; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; Adaptation; Psychological; Caregivers/psychology; Models; Parents/psychology; Psychological; Stress; disabled children
BACKGROUND: Parental care for a child with a developmental disability is an enormous responsibility, one that can far exceed that of typical parental care. While most parents adapt well to the situation of caring for a child with a disability, some do not. To understand parents' adaptations to their children's disabilities, the complex nature of stress processes must be accounted for and the constructs and factors that play a role in the caregiving must be considered. DISCUSSION: Evidence suggests that there is considerable variation in how caregivers adapt to their caregiving demands. Many studies have sought to qualify the association between caregiving and health outcomes of the caregivers. Contextual factors such as SES, child factors such as child behaviour problems and severity of disability, intra-psychic factors such as mastery and self-esteem, coping strategies and social supports have all been associated with psychological and/or physical outcome or parents or primary caregivers. In reviewing these issues, the literature appears to be limited by the use of traditional analytic approaches which examine the relationship between a factor and an outcome. It is clear, however, that changes to single factors, as represented in these studies, occur very rarely even in the experimental context. The literature has also been limited by lack of reliance on specific theoretical frameworks. SUMMARY: This conceptual paper documents the state of current knowledge and explores the current theoretical frameworks that have been used to describe the caregiving process from two diverse fields, pediatrics and geriatrics. Integration of these models into one comprehensive model suitable for this population of children with disabilities and their caregivers is proposed. This model may guide future research in this area.
2004-01
Raina P; O'Donnell ME; Schwellnus H; Rosenbaum P; King G; Brehaut J; Russell D; Swinton M; King S; Wong M; Walter SD; Wood E
Bmc Pediatrics
2004
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-4-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1186/1471-2431-4-1</a>
Evaluating health services delivery to children with chronic conditions and their families: development of a refined measures of processes of care (MPOC-20)
Cohen 2006 BMC HSR Refs
2004
King S; Rosenbaum P; King G
Child Health Care
2004
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc3301_3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1207/s15326888chc3301_3</a>