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Text
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046849.56865.1D" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046849.56865.1D</a>
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Title
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Exposure to maternal depression and marital conflict: gender differences in children's later mental health symptoms
Publisher
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Journal Of The American Academy Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry
Date
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2003
Subject
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Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Child Psychology; Sex Factors; Conflict (Psychology); Mothers/psychology; Parent caregivers; Marriage/psychology; Mental Disorders/psychology; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis
Creator
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Essex MJ; Klein MH; Cho E; Kraemer HC
Description
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of the timing of initial exposure to maternal depression and marital conflict on kindergarten children's mental health symptoms. METHOD: For 406 families (of 570 originally recruited), mothers reported on major depression and marital conflict on multiple occasions in the child's infancy and toddler/preschool periods. Mothers and teachers completed the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire when children were in kindergarten. RESULTS: Children evidenced co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms, although the mix was more toward internalizing for girls and externalizing for boys. Symptoms were more severe among children exposed to either adversity, and these effects were additive. Boys exposed to maternal depression in infancy had a preponderance of internalizing behaviors, but if subsequently exposed to marital conflict, the mix toward externalizing behaviors increased to match levels of clinic-referred children. For girls, the preponderance of internalizing symptoms increased to match levels of clinic-referred children when initial exposure to marital conflict occurred in the toddler/preschool period. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider both adversities across developmental periods, to distinguish the symptom severity from directionality, and to consider child gender. Prevention and intervention efforts that consider these findings are warranted.
2003
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000046849.56865.1D" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/01.CHI.0000046849.56865.1D</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
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Journal Article
2003
Backlog
Child
Child Psychology
Cho E
Conflict (Psychology)
Depressive Disorder/diagnosis
Essex MJ
Female
Humans
Journal Article
Journal Of The American Academy Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry
Klein MH
Kraemer HC
Male
Marriage/psychology
Mental Disorders/psychology
Mother-child Relations
Mothers/psychology
Parent caregivers
Sex Factors