New insights in pediatrics in 2021: choices in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, haematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care, respiratory tract illnesses and telemedicine
Communicable Diseases; Critical Care; Endocrinology; Genetics; Hematology; Immunology; Internal Medicine; Medical Allergy; Neonatology; Neurology; Nutrition; Palliative Care; Pediatrics Specialties; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Telemedicine
In this review, we report the developments across pediatric subspecialties that have been published in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2021. We highlight advances in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, hematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care, respiratory tract illnesses and telemedicine.
Caffarelli C; Santamaria F; Piro E; Basilicata S; Delle Cave V; Cipullo M; Bernasconi S; Corsello G
Italian Journal of Pediatrics
2022
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01374-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1186/s13052-022-01374-8</a>
Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain
Male; Animals; Rats; Biomarkers of Pain; Microscopy; Immunohistochemistry; Wistar; beta-Endorphin/biosynthesis; Carboxypeptidase H/metabolism; Extremities; Immunoelectron; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism/ultrastructure; Norepinephrine/pharmacology; Pain/immunology/metabolism; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism; Proprotein Convertase 1/metabolism; Proprotein Convertase 2/metabolism; Secretory Vesicles/metabolism/ultrastructure; Sympathomimetics/pharmacology
The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (END) as well as mRNA for its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are found not only in the pituitary gland, but also within various types of immune cells infiltrating inflamed sc tissue. During stressful stimuli END is released and interacts with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit pain. However, the subcellular pathways of POMC processing and END release have not yet been delineated in inflammatory cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of POMC, carboxypeptidase E, the prohormone convertases 1 (PC1), and 2 (PC2), PC2-binding protein 7B2, and the release of END from inflammatory cells in rats. Using immunohistochemistry we detected END and POMC alone or colocalized with PC1, PC2, carboxypeptidase E, and 7B2 in macrophages/monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes of the blood and within inflamed sc paw tissue. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that END is localized within secretory granules packed in membranous structures in macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes. Finally, END is released by noradrenaline from immune cells in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that immune cells express the entire machinery required for POMC processing into functionally active peptides such as END and are able to release these peptides from secretory granules.
2004
Mousa SA; Shakibaei M; Sitte N; Schafer M; Stein C
Endocrinology
2004
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-1287" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1210/en.2003-1287</a>
What do we know about the expression of proopiomelanocortin transcripts and related peptides in lymphoid tissue?
Humans; Animals; Biomarkers of Pain; RNA; Messenger/metabolism; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics; Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
1993
Sharp B; Linner K
Endocrinology
1993
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1210/endo.133.5.8404637" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1210/endo.133.5.8404637</a>
Analysis of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) messenger ribonucleic acid and POMC-derived peptides in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: no evidence for a lymphocyte-derived POMC system
Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Biomarkers of Pain; RNA; Base Sequence; beta-Endorphin/analysis; Biomarkers Reference List; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes/metabolism; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Chromatography; High Pressure Liquid; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics; Mononuclear/metabolism; Blotting; Cathepsin D/metabolism; DNA Probes; Gel; Messenger/blood; Northern; Peptide Fragments/analysis; Peptide Mapping; Southern
A number of recent studies suggest that cells of the immune system, e.g. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), can synthesize and process POMC and secrete POMC-derived peptides, such as ACTH and endorphins, upon immune and hormonal challenges. From this, it has been proposed that POMC-derived peptides originating from lymphoid cells can function as hormones, for instance in a lymphoid-adrenal axis. In view of the important physiological implications of this proposal, the present study was designed to investigate the expression of the POMC gene in human PBMC and the production by these cells of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphins (alpha E, beta E, and gamma E) peptides that are established end products of the posttranslational processing of POMC. PBMC of individual donors were used uncultured (fresh cells) or cultured for 24 and 48 h in the presence and absence of Concanavalin-A (Con-A), bacterial lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin, or CRH, and vasopressin, conditions that reportedly stimulate POMC activity in those cells, to investigate the presence of POMC transcripts by analysis of total RNA with Northern blotting and the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Large scale preparations containing over 10(9) cells (fresh, cultured with and without Con-A) originating from several donors were examined for the presence of POMC transcripts by analysis of poly(A)+ RNA on Northern blots and for the presence of alpha E, beta E, and gamma E by gel filtration over Sephadex G-75 and reverse phase HPLC, followed by assay of the fractions in four endorphin RIA systems with different specificities. On the Northern blots of total RNA, no POMC transcripts were detectable. In poly(A)+ RNA preparations, no full-length POMC mRNA was found, and it was estimated that the concentration of POMC mRNA, if present, was below approximately 0.005 transcript/cell in Con-A-stimulated cells and still lower in unstimulated cells. In accord with literature data, an 800- to 900-nucleotide POMC transcript was detected in cultured PBMC, and the levels of this transcript were stimulated by Con-A. In all samples analyzed with RT-PCR, a transcript spanning most of exons 2 and 3 was detectable only on Southern blots of the RT-PCR product, but not on agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide. Chromatographic analysis of endorphin immunoreactivities in cell extracts revealed no qualitative differences between the immunoreactive profiles of fresh PBMC or PBMC cultured with or without Con-A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
1993
van Woudenberg AD; Metzelaar MJ; van der Kleij AA; de Wied D; Burbach JP; Wiegant VM
Endocrinology
1993
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1210/endo.133.5.8404638" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1210/endo.133.5.8404638</a>
Pediatric chronic patients at outpatient clinics: A study in a Latin American University Hospital
Chronic Patient; Emergency Ward; Hospital Admission; Hospitalization; Outpatient; University Hospital; Adolescent; Adult; Cardiology; Child; Controlled Study; Cross Sectional Study; Death; Emergency Health Service; Endocrinology; Female; Hematology; Human; Intensive Care Unit; Kidney Transplantation; Major Clinical Study; Male; Nephrology; Neurology; Oncology; Pain; Physician; Psychiatry; Rheumatology
Objective: To describe the characteristics of children and adolescentes with chronic diseases of outpatient clinics at a tertiary university hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 16,237 patients with chronic diseases followed-up in one year. The data were collected through the electronic system, according to the number of physician appointments in 23 pediatric specialties. Patients were divided in two groups: children (0-9 years) and adolescents (10-19 years). Early (10-14 years) and late (15-19 years) adolescent groups were also analyzed. Results: Of the total sample, 56% were children and 46% were adolescents. The frequencies of following pediatric specialties were significantly higher in adolescents when compared with children: cardiology, endocrinology, hematology, nephrology/renal transplantation, neurology, nutrology, oncology, palliative and pain care, psychiatry, and rheumatology (p <. 0.05). The frequencies of emergency service visits (30% vs. 17%, p <. 0.001), hospitalizations (23% vs. 11%, p <. 0.001), intensive care unit admissions (6% vs. 2%, p <. 0.001), and deaths (1% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.002) were significantly lower in adolescents than in children. However, the number of physician appointments (>=13) per patient was also higher in the adolescent group (5% vs. 6%, p = 0.018). Further analysis comparison between early and late adolescents revealed that the first group had significantly more physician appointments (35% vs. 32%, p = 0.025), and required more than two pediatric specialties (22% vs. 21%, p = 0.047). Likewise, the frequencies of emergency service visits (19% vs. 14%, p <. 0.001) and hospitalizations (12% vs. 10%, p = 0.035) were higher in early adolescents. Conclusions: This study evaluated a large population in a Latin American hospital and suggested that early adolescents with chronic diseases required many appointments, multiple specialties and hospital admissions.
Alveno RA; Miranda CV; Passone CG; Waetge AR; Hojo ES; Farhat SCL; Odone-Filho V; Tannuri U; Carvalho WB; Carneiro-Sampaio M; Silva CA
Jornal De Pediatria.
2017
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.014" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.014</a>