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              <text>&lt;a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.02.012" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.02.012&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Denial of impending death: a discourse analysis of the palliative care literature</text>
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                <text>Social Science &amp; Medicine</text>
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                <text>2004</text>
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                <text>Humans; Palliative Care; Canada; Attitude to Death; Denial (Psychology)</text>
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                <text>Zimmermann C</text>
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                <text>Terminally ill patients and their families are often referred to as being "in denial" of impending death. This study uses the qualitative method of discourse analysis to investigate the usage of the term "denial" in the contemporary hospice and palliative care literature. A Medline search (1970-2001) was performed combining the text words "deny" and "denial" with the subject headings "terminal care", "palliative care" and "hospice care," and restricted to English articles discussing death denial in adults. The 30 articles were analysed using a constant comparison technique and emerging themes regarding the meaning and usage of the words "deny" and "denial" identified. This paper focusses on the theme of denial as an individual psychological process. Three dominant subthemes were distinguished: denial as an unconscious "defence mechanism", denial as "healthy" and denial as temporary. The analysis focusses on the intertextuality of these themes with each other and with previous texts on the denial of death. Elements of the psychoanalytic definition of denial as an unconscious defence mechanism are retained in the literature but are interwoven with new themes on patient choice. The result is an overall discourse that is conflictual and at times self-contradictory but overall consistent with the biomedical model of illness. I suggest that the representation of death denial elaborated in these articles may be related to a larger discourse on dying in contemporary Western society, which both invites patients to participate in the planning of their death and labels those who do not comply.</text>
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                <text>2004</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.02.012" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.02.012&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).</text>
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        <name>Attitude To Death</name>
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        <name>Canada</name>
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        <name>Denial (Psychology)</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/104990910101800606" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;http://doi.org/10.1177/104990910101800606&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Not ready for hospice: characteristics of patients in a pre-hospice program</text>
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                <text>The American Journal Of Hospice &amp; Palliative Care</text>
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                <text>2001</text>
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                <text>Female; Humans; Male; Aged; Middle Aged; Age Factors; Patient Selection; Illinois; Denial (Psychology); 80 and over; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; Adaptation; Psychological; decision making; Comparative Study; Insurance; retrospective studies; social support; Patient Transfer/statistics &amp; numerical data; Hospice Care/organization &amp; administration/psychology; Health/statistics &amp; numerical data; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data</text>
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                <text>Hayley DC; Muir JC; Stocking C; Hougham G; Sachs G</text>
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                <text>CONTEXT: There are many patients with terminal illness for whom hospice care would be appropriate, but they either never enroll or enroll very late. In a pre-hospice program designed to help patients make the transition into hospice, we observed that many patients did not make the transition. OBJECTIVES: To understand more about the transition to hospice and the functions of a pre-hospice program, this paper compares patients who enrolled in hospice with those who died in the pre-hospice program. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Data were collected from a retrospective review of the charts of 123 consecutive patients who enrolled in a prehospice program between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patient's decision to transfer to home hospice or (perhaps, by not making a decision) to remain enrolled in the pre-hospice program until death. RESULTS: At the end of the research period, 38 patients had transferred to hospice and 36 had died without transfer. The remaining 49 patients had uncertain outcomes at the end of the research period. Patients who transferred to hospice were older (P = .02) and more likely to have secondary insurance (P = .05). In addition, those who enrolled in hospice were more likely to live alone (P = .03) and have psychosocial concerns noted by staff on admission (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Many patients died in this program that was designed only for transition to hospice. We found statistically significant differences characterizing the groups associated with transferring to hospice. Further studies to find out why these differences exist will be important in order to provide excellent end-of-life care for more people.</text>
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                <text>2001</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/104990910101800606" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"&gt;10.1177/104990910101800606&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).</text>
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