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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/01.hco.0000221585.94490.09" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.1097/01.hco.0000221585.94490.09</a>
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Prognosis and therapy approaches of cardiac cachexia
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Current Opinion In Cardiology
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2006
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Springer J; Filippatos G; Akashi YJ; Anker SD
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/01.hco.0000221585.94490.09" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/01.hco.0000221585.94490.09</a>
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Journal Article
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on the prognostic implications and therapeutic approaches in cardiac cachexia - a syndrome that has been recognized for a long time, although it has only received increased attention lately. RECENT FINDINGS: Cardiac cachexia is a common and serious complication of chronic heart failure and associated with very poor prognosis, yet is often recognized by the clinicians only at late stage. Approximately 15% of heart failure patients will develop cardiac cachexia, defined by a 6% non-edematous, non-voluntary weight loss over a period of 6 months. Several studies have demonstrated that cardiac cachexia is a multi-factorial disease, which involves increased neurohormonal activity and immune abnormalities, resulting in hormonal and metabolic catabolic/anabolic imbalance of the body, leading to the loss of fat and lean mass and ultimately death. So far, there are no standardized therapies available for this disease. SUMMARY: Cardiac cachexia in heart failure patients is under-recognized and there is currently no causal therapy available. Several interesting treatment options exist, however, which have emerged recently, including appetite stimulants, hormones and 'classical' drugs, such as beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors.
2006
Akashi YJ
Anker SD
Backlog
Current Opinion In Cardiology
Filippatos G
Journal Article
Springer J