Peripheral opioid receptors mediating antinociception in inflammation. Activation by endogenous opioids and role of the pituitary-adrenal axis
Male; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Rats; Biomarkers of Pain; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Receptors; Naloxone/pharmacology; Foot; Biomarkers Reference List; Adrenalectomy; Cold; Endorphins/physiology; Hypophysectomy; Inbred Strains; Inflammation/physiopathology; Naltrexone/pharmacology; Nociceptors/physiopathology; Opioid/physiology; Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiology; Stress/physiopathology; Swimming
This study investigated the involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating cold water swim (CWS) stress-induced antinociception (SIA) in rats with unilateral hind paw inflammation induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Following 0.5, 1 and 2 min of CWS, there was a duration-dependent elevation of paw pressure threshold (PPT) in both inflamed and non-inflamed paws which was maximal immediately after CWS and returned to control values within 15 min. The antinociception elicited in the inflamed paw was significantly greater than that elicited in the non-inflamed paw. The antinociception induced by a 1 min CWS was dose dependently antagonized by tertiary naloxone (0.125-1 mg/kg s.c.) and completely reversed by tertiary naltrexone (0.5 mg/kg). Quaternary naltrexone (5-40 mg/kg s.c.) was similarly effective in reversing the elevation of inflamed PPT induced by a 1 min CWS stress. In contrast, similar doses of quaternary naltrexone had no effect against centrally mediated morphine antinociception in non-inoculated rats. Adrenalectomy was without effect on the pattern of SIA seen in FCA-treated rats. Surgical hypophysectomy completely abolished the differential antinociception induced by 0.5 and 1 min durations of CWS but had little effect on that following 2 min of CWS stress. Inhibition of hypophysial corticotrophic cell secretion with dexamethasone (300 micrograms/kg) injected s.c. 120 min prior to CWS completely abolished the differential SIA at all durations of CWS tested. beta-Endorphin 12.5 micrograms/kg administered i.v. in non-stressed rats also caused a greater elevation of PPT in inflamed than in non-inflamed paws. This effect was not reversed by concomitant i.v. administration of (-) tertiary naloxone 5 mg/kg or quaternary naltrexone 20 mg/kg.
1990
Parsons CG; Czlonkowski A; Stein C; Herz A
Pain
1990
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(90)91112-v" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/0304-3959(90)91112-v</a>
Perinatal palliative care after a stillbirth - Midwives experiences of using Cubitus baby
midwife; palliative therapy; Stillbirth; Cold; Cold Temperature; content analysis; cooling; Female; Human; human dignity; infant; major clinical study; Male; Midwifery; Palliative Care; Parents; Questionnaire; Refrigeration; Sweden
In Sweden, around 450 babies are stillborn every year. Usually, the parents stay at the hospital a couple of days after the birth and they can have the baby in their room. Due to the importance to keep a dead body cold it has, until recently, been a routine to separate the baby from the parents and place the baby in a refrigerator during the night. With the goal to improve the dignity for the baby and the family a tool was developed. Cubitus baby, a special cot with cooling blocks, was implemented at all 48 delivery wards in Sweden during 2013-2014. The aim of the study was to investigate the midwives experiences of using Cubitus baby. In total 155 midwives answered a questionnaire. One open question was analyzed with content analyses. Five categories were formed concerning the midwives experiences; a gracious feeling, a sense of relief in their work, caring with coldness, time to say goodbye and a good feeling for the parents. Cubitus Baby is an essential tool for the midwife when they provide perinatal palliative care. The midwife can give time to say farewell without feeling stressed that they must separate the baby from the parents.
Radestad I; Listermar KH
Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth
2017
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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