1
40
3
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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2165/11536200-000000000-00000" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.2165/11536200-000000000-00000</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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A comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pregabalin and gabapentin
Publisher
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Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Date
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2010
Creator
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Bockbrader HN; Wesche D; Miller R; Chapel S; Janiczek N; Burger P
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.2165/11536200-000000000-00000" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.2165/11536200-000000000-00000</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
Description
An account of the resource
2010
2010
Backlog
Bockbrader HN
Burger P
Chapel S
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Janiczek N
Journal Article
Miller R
Wesche D
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199528050-00004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199528050-00004</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid analgesics in infants and children
Publisher
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Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995
Subject
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Child; Humans; Analgesics; Preschool; infant; Opioid/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology
Creator
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Olkkola KT; Hamunen K; Maunuksela EL
Description
An account of the resource
Pain in childhood has not always been managed as actively as that in adults because of the limited amount of research available to provide guidelines for the management of paediatric pain. However, for many years now the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid analgesics in infants and children have been studied intensively. Morphine is the standard for opioid analgesics and its pharmacology is the best studied in paediatric patients. During the neonatal period, the volume of distribution (Vd) appears to be smaller in neonates than in adults, but adult values are reached soon after the neonatal period. Although morphine is absorbed both orally and rectally, there is little information on the pharmacokinetics of morphine administered by these routes. The bioavailability of morphine after rectal administration appears to be highly variable. For all the opioid analgesics studied, the elimination of the opioids is slower in neonates than in adults. However, the rate of elimination usually reaches and even exceeds adult values within the first year of life. The high rate of drug metabolism means higher dosage requirements. In regard to the pharmacodynamics of opioid analgesics, infants and children do not appear to be more sensitive to the effects of opioids than adults. Thus, except for the neonatal period, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid analgesics are not markedly different from those of adults, and the risk of using opioids in infants and children is not higher.
1995
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199528050-00004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.2165/00003088-199528050-00004</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
1995
Analgesics
Backlog
Child
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Hamunen K
Humans
Infant
Journal Article
Maunuksela EL
Olkkola KT
Opioid/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology
Preschool
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Citation List Month
Backlog
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199733030-00005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199733030-00005</a>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Pharmacokinetic optimisation of opioid treatment in acute pain therapy
Publisher
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Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1997
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Pain; Analgesics; Drug Interactions; Analgesia; Drug Administration Schedule; Administration; Oral; Pain/drug therapy; Infusions; Injections; Intravenous; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Subcutaneous; Intramuscular; Patient-Controlled; Postoperative/drug therapy; Substance-Related Disorders; Opioid/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use; Central Nervous System/drug effects/metabolism
Creator
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Upton RN; Semple TJ; Macintyre PE
Description
An account of the resource
Traditionally, opioids have been administered as fixed doses at fixed dose intervals. This approach has been largely ineffective. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and upgraded traditional approaches incorporating flexibility in dose size and dose interval, and titration for an effect in individual patients with the monitoring of pain and sedation scores, can greatly improve the efficacy of opioid administration. Optimising opioid use, therefore, entails optimising the titration process. Opioids have similar pharmacodynamic properties but have widely different kinetic properties. The most important of these is the delay between the blood concentrations of an opioid and its analgesic or other effects, which probably relate to the delay required for blood and brain and spinal cord (CNS) equilibrium. The half-lives of these delays range from approximately 34 minutes for morphine to 1 minute for alfentanil. The titration is influenced by the time needed after an initial dose before it is safe to administer a second dose and the duration of the effects of a single dose, which varies widely between opioids, doses and routes of administration. To compare opioids and routes of administration, we examined the relative CNS concentration profiles of opioids - the CNS concentration expressed as a percentage of its maximum value. The relative onset was the defined as the time the relative CNS concentration first rose to 80% of maximum, while the relative duration was defined as the length of time the concentration was above 80%. For an intravenous bolus dose, the relative onset varies from approximately 1 for alfentanil to 6 minutes for morphine, while their relative durations are approximately 2 and 96 minutes, respectively. Although all of the common opioids, perhaps with the exception of alfentanil, have kinetic and dynamic properties suitable for use in PCA with intravenous bolus doses, the long relative duration of morphine makes it particularly suited to an upgraded traditional approach using staff administered intramuscular or subcutaneous doses. There is a clear kinetic preference for regimens with a rapid onset and short duration (e.g. intravenous PCA) for coping with incident pain. It is shown that, in general, titration is improved by the more frequent administration of smaller doses, but it is important to use additional doses to initially 'load' a patient. The titration of opioids should always be accompanied by the monitoring of pain and sedation scores and ventilation.
1997
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199733030-00005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.2165/00003088-199733030-00005</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Journal Article
1997
Administration
Analgesia
Analgesics
Backlog
Central Nervous System/drug effects/metabolism
Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Dose-Response Relationship
Drug
Drug Administration Schedule
Drug Interactions
Humans
Infusions
Injections
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Journal Article
Macintyre PE
Opioid/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Oral
Pain
Pain/drug Therapy
Patient-Controlled
Postoperative/drug therapy
Semple TJ
Subcutaneous
Substance-Related Disorders
Upton RN