Evidence of increased non-verbal behavioral signs of pain in adults with neurodevelopmental disorders and chronic self-injury
2009-05
Symons FJ; Harper VN; McGrath PJ; Breau LM; Bodfish JW
Research In Developmental Disabilities
2009
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2008.07.012" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/j.ridd.2008.07.012</a>
Validation of the Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist-Postoperative Version
Child; Female; Humans; Male; Pain; Communication; Nurses; Facial Expression; Observer Variation; Predictive Value of Tests; Motor Activity; adolescent; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; caregivers; Social Behavior; Behavior/physiology; Postoperative/diagnosis; Mental Retardation/psychology; Pain Measurement/methods/standards
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklist-Postoperative Version (NCCPC-PV) when used with children with severe intellectual disabilities. METHODS: The caregivers of 24 children with severe intellectual disabilities (aged 3-19 yr) took part. Each child was observed by one of their caregivers and one of the researchers for 10 min before and after surgery. They independently completed the NCCPC-PV and made a visual analog scale rating of the child's pain intensity for those times. A nurse also completed a visual analog scale for the same observations. RESULTS: The NCCPC-PV was internally reliable (Cronbach alpha = 0.91) and showed good interrater reliability. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated NCCPC-PV total and subscale scores were significantly higher after surgery and did not differ by observer. Postoperative NCCPC-PV scores correlated with visual analog scale ratings provided by caregivers and researchers, but not with those of nurses. A score of 11 on the NCCPC-PV, by caregivers, provided 0.88 sensitivity and 0.81 specificity for classifying children with moderate to severe pain. CONCLUSIONS: The NCCPC-PV displayed good psychometric properties when used for the postoperative pain of children with severe intellectual disabilities and has the potential to be useful in a clinical setting. The results suggest familiarity with an individual child with intellectual disabilities is not necessary for pain assessment.
2002
Breau LM; Finley GA; McGrath PJ; Camfield CS
Anesthesiology
2002
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200203000-00004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00000542-200203000-00004</a>
Non-communicating children's pain checklist: better pain assessment for severely disabled children
Child; Pain Measurement; Pain; Child Psychology; Developmental Disabilities; Mental Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Minors; Child Development Disorders; Mental Retardation; Child Behavior Disorders; Child Development Deviations
Advances in the treatment of pain for children with severe disabilities have lagged behind that for other children. This is due, in part, to a lack of valid assessment tools for their pain. The non-communicating children's pain checklists are observational pain tools that were developed specifically for children with severe disabilities who are unable to communicate verbally. The non-communicating children's pain checklist-revised has been validated for use with a wide range of pain types in the home. The non-communicating children's pain checklist-postoperative version is used for pain following surgery in the hospital setting. Scores for determining the presence of pain have also been developed. They are appropriate for children with varying degrees of physical, cognitive and communicative impairments.
2003
Breau LM
Expert Review Of Pharmacoeconomics And Outcomes Research
2003
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.3.3.327" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1586/14737167.3.3.327</a>
Measuring pain accurately in children with cognitive impairments: refinement of a caregiver scale
Child; Female; Humans; Male; Logistic Models; Prospective Studies; Odds Ratio; Sensitivity and Specificity; Cognition Disorders; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; RDF Project; caregivers; Pain Measurement/methods
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether typical pain behavior, as reported by caregivers, could be used prospectively to predict future pain behavior and to derive a subset of core items from the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist. STUDY DESIGN: Caregivers (n = 33) of children with cognitive impairments completed the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist retrospectively and immediately after subsequent episodes of pain and distress in their homes. Odds ratios were computed for checklist items, and multiple regressions were used to predict numerical pain and distress ratings with items that had significant odds ratios. A logistic regression was used to test whether the items found to predict pain could correctly classify the presence or absence of pain in a new cohort of 63 children with similar cognitive impairments. RESULTS: Seven of the checklist items had significant odds ratios: Cranky, Seeking Comfort, Change in Eyes, Less Active, Gesture to Part That Hurts, Tears, and Gasping. This subset of items significantly predicted numerical pain ratings by caregivers (multiple R =.70), but not distress ratings (multiple R =.31). In a second group of 63 children with cognitive impairments, this subset of items displayed 85% sensitivity and 89% specificity for pain. CONCLUSION: A subset of items from the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist could predict pain in children with cognitive impairments. Caregivers' retrospective reports may be useful for clinicians making judgments about pain in these children.
2001
Breau LM; Camfield C; McGrath PJ; Rosmus C; Finley G A
The Journal Of Pediatrics
2001
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.112247" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1067/mpd.2001.112247</a>
Parental assessment of pain coping in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Child; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Pain Measurement; Adult; Questionnaires; adolescent; Preschool; Adaptation; Psychological; Parents/psychology; social support; Developmental Disabilities/complications/psychology; Intellectual Disability/complications/psychology; Pain/complications/psychology
Pain coping is thought to be the most significant behavioural contribution to the adjustment to pain. Little is known about how those with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) cope with pain. We describe parental reported coping styles and how coping relates to individual factors. Seventy-seven caregivers of children and adults with IDD reported on coping styles using the Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory (PPCI), pain behaviour using the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist-Revised (NCCPC-R), illness-related interactions using the Illness Behaviour Encouragement Scale (IBES) and past pain experience using the Structured Pain Questionnaire. Scores were compared across mental ages and interactions between pain coping and the other factors were explored. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) by mental age group ('/=12 years') revealed that those in the '5-11 years' mental age group used more coping styles than those in the '/=12 years' group used more cognitively demanding coping styles than the other two groups (F(10,130)=2.68, p=.005). Seeking Social Support (r=.39, p=.001) and Catastrophizing/Helplessness (r=.33, p<.01) coping styles were significantly related to a greater display of pain behaviour. Those with younger mental ages, who Seek Social Support or Catastrophize, also displayed more pain behaviour, which may be an attempt to seek external resources when pain is beyond their ability to deal with independently.
Burkitt CC; Breau LM; Zabalia M
Research In Developmental Disabilities
2011
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/j.ridd.2011.01.050</a>