Brain metabolism during fasting
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Brain/metabolism; Starvation/metabolism; Glucose/metabolism; Catheterization; Acetoacetates/metabolism; Blood Flow Velocity; Calorimetry; Hydroxybutyrates/metabolism
1967
Owen OE; Morgan AP; Kemp HG; Sullivan JM; Herrera MG; Cahill GF
The Journal Of Clinical Investigation
1967
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1172/jci105650" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1172/jci105650</a>
Brain metabolism during short-term starvation in humans
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; Emission-Computed; Tomography; Brain/metabolism; Starvation/metabolism; Blood Glucose/analysis; Ketone Bodies/metabolism; Arteries; Deoxyglucose/analogs & derivatives/metabolism; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose/metabolism; Osmolar Concentration
During prolonged starvation, brain energy requirements are covered in part by the metabolism of ketone bodies. It is unknown whether short-term starvation of a few days' duration may lead to reduced brain glucose metabolism due to the change toward ketone body consumption. In the present study we measured the cerebral metabolism of glucose and ketone bodies in nine healthy volunteers before and after 3.5 days of starvation. Regional glucose metabolism was measured by dynamic positron emission tomography using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. The mean value of K1* in gray and white matter increased by 12% (p < 0.05), whereas k2* and k3* were unchanged compared with control values. Regional glucose metabolism in cortical gray matter was reduced by 26% from 0.294 +/- 0.054 to 0.217 +/- 0.040 mumol g-1 min-1 (p < 0.001). White matter glucose metabolism decreased by 27% (p < 0.02). The decrease was uniform in gray and white matter with regional decreases ranging from 24 to 30%. A determination using Fick's principle confirmed the reduction in glucose metabolism yielding a decrease of 24% from 0.307 +/- 0.050 to 0.233 +/- 0.073 mumol g-1 min-1 (p < 0.05), whereas CBF did not change (0.57 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.57 +/- 0.06 ml g-1 min-1). The global net uptake of beta-hydroxybutyrate increased 13-fold from 0.012 +/- 0.024 to 0.155 +/- 0.140 mumol g-1 min-1 (p < 0.05). Net uptake of acetoacetate and net efflux of lactate and pyruvate did not change significantly during starvation. The present study shows that the human brain adapts to the changes in energy supply as early as 3 days following initiation of starvation, at which time ketone bodies account for approximately one-fourth of the cerebral energy requirements.
1994
Hasselbalch SG; Knudsen GM; Jakobsen J; Hageman LP; Holm S; Paulson OB
Journal Of Cerebral Blood Flow And Metabolism
1994
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1994.17" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1038/jcbfm.1994.17</a>
Fuel metabolism in starvation
Humans; Blood Glucose/metabolism; Energy Metabolism/physiology; Brain/metabolism; Starvation/metabolism; Fatty Acids; Nonesterified/metabolism; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/metabolism; Ketosis/metabolism
This article, which is partly biographical and partly scientific, summarizes a life in academic medicine. It relates my progress from benchside to bedside and then to academic and research administration, and concludes with the teaching of human biology to college undergraduates. My experience as an intern (anno 1953) treating a youngster in diabetic ketoacidosis underscored our ignorance of the controls in human fuel metabolism. Circulating free fatty acids were then unknown, insulin could not be measured in biologic fluids, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, which was difficult to measure, was considered by many a metabolic poison. The central role of insulin and the metabolism of free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, combined with indirect calorimetry, needed characterization in a near-steady state, namely prolonged starvation. This is the main topic of this chapter. Due to its use by brain, D-beta-hydroxybutyric acid not only has permitted man to survive prolonged starvation, but also may have therapeutic potential owing to its greater efficiency in providing cellular energy in ischemic states such as stroke, myocardial insufficiency, neonatal stress, genetic mitochondrial problems, and physical fatigue.
2006
Cahill Jr GF
Annual Review Of Nutrition
2006
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111258" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111258</a>
The metabolic events of starvation
Humans; Adaptation; Body Weight; Body Composition; Homeostasis; Alanine/me [Metabolism]; Brain/metabolism; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Fasting; Gluconeogenesis; Ketones/metabolism; Kidney/metabolism; Liver/metabolism; Physiological; Proteins/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Starvation/metabolism; Triglycerides/metabolism; Water-Electrolyte Balance
1976
Saudek CD; Felig P
The American Journal Of Medicine
1976
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(76)90540-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/0002-9343(76)90540-4</a>