Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology
Humans; Bias (Epidemiology); Statistical; Counseling/statistics & numerical data; Data Interpretation; Research Design/standards; Data Collection/standards; Likelihood Functions; Missing Data Articles; Psychology/statistics & numerical data
This article urges counseling psychology researchers to recognize and report how missing data are handled, because consumers of research cannot accurately interpret findings without knowing the amount and pattern of missing data or the strategies that were used to handle those data. Patterns of missing data are reviewed, and some of the common strategies for dealing with them are described. The authors provide an illustration in which data were simulated and evaluate 3 methods of handling missing data: mean substitution, multiple imputation, and full information maximum likelihood. Results suggest that mean substitution is a poor method for handling missing data, whereas both multiple imputation and full information maximum likelihood are recommended alternatives to this approach. The authors suggest that researchers fully consider and report the amount and pattern of missing data and the strategy for handling those data in counseling psychology research and that editors advise researchers of this expectation.
2010
Schlomer GL; Bauman S; Card NA
Journal Of Counseling Psychology
2010
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1037/a0018082" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1037/a0018082</a>
Missing data: prevalence and reporting practices
Humans; United States; Bias (Epidemiology); Statistical; Data Interpretation; Databases; Missing Data Articles; Behavioral Sciences/statistics & numerical data; Bibliographic; Data Collection/statistics & numerical data; Publishing/statistics & numerical data; Research Design/statistics & numerical data; Social Sciences/statistics & numerical data
Results are described for a survey assessing prevalence of missing data and reporting practices in studies with missing data in a random sample of empirical research journal articles from the PsychINFO database for the year 1999, two years prior to the publication of a special section on missing data in Psychological Methods. Analysis indicates missing data problems were found in about one-third of the studies. Further, analytical methods and reporting practices varied widely for studies with missing data. One may consider these results as baseline data to assess progress as reporting standards evolve for studies with missing data. Some potential reporting standards are discussed.
2006
Bodner TE
Psychological Reports
2006
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.99.7.675-680" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.2466/pr0.99.7.675-680</a>
Survival rates of children with severe neurologic disabilities: a review
Child; Humans; Survival Rate; Health Services Accessibility; Bias (Epidemiology); Nervous System Diseases/mortality; United States/epidemiology; Nutritional Failure; disabled children; Skilled Nursing Facilities
Knowledge of accurate survival rates of children with neurologic disabilities is important for third-party insurance payers planning future medical expenses. This is of particular importance to pediatric skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) that depend on financial support from governmental sources. Eyman published survival rate results from California that were extremely pessimistic and not in keeping with our clinical impressions. This led us to conduct a thorough review of our survival rates, which were much better than those reported by Eyman. Since the publication of our study, a large number of reports have appeared from many different countries, as well as further information from California using an expanded database. The survival rate data that we obtained remain consistently better than that in most recent reports. In the California results, 10-year survival rates for the most-disabled group (group 1) were reported to be 32% in 1993 and 45% in 1998, compared with 73% in our study. Eight-year survival rates for group 1 from California were reported to be 38% in 1993 and 63% in 2000, compared with our finding of 73%. The reasons for our better survival rates include the fact that all of our patients were in SNFs, where prompt medical care for acute illnesses was always provided, whereas only 3.5% of the study group was in SNFs in California. Also, the California data contained many methodologic and statistical errors, which are reviewed here.
2003
Plioplys AV
Seminars In Pediatric Neurology
2003
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s1071-9091(03)00020-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/s1071-9091(03)00020-2</a>
Statistical aspects of measurement in palliative care
Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Reproducibility of Results; Bias (Epidemiology); Epidemiologic Measurements; Palliative Care/statistics & numerical data
2002
Pickering RM
Palliative Medicine
2002
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1191/0269216302pm579xx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1191/0269216302pm579xx</a>
Improvement in pediatric critical care outcomes
Humans; Intensive Care Units; Hospital Mortality; Logistic Models; Reproducibility of Results; Bias (Epidemiology); Statistical; ICU Decision Making; Data Interpretation; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/organization & administration; Health Services Research/methods; Data Collection/methods; Pediatric/standards
2000
Tilford JM; Roberson PK; Lensing S; Fiser DH
Critical Care Medicine
2000
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200002000-00072" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00003246-200002000-00072</a>
Survival estimates of severely disabled children
Child; Female; Male; Survival Rate; Adult; Aged; Bias (Epidemiology); adolescent; Preschool; Human; Life Expectancy; Middle Age; California/epidemiology; Disabled Children/classification/statistics & numerical data; Disabled Persons/classification/statistics & numerical data; Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/mortality
1998
Grossman HJ; Eyman RK
Pediatric Neurology
1998
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
The quality of the evidence base for clinical pathway effectiveness: room for improvement in the design of evaluation trials.
Humans; Length of Stay; Risk Assessment; Clinical Trials as Topic; Reproducibility of Results; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Bias (Epidemiology); Meta-Analysis as Topic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Selection Bias; Critical Pathways/st [Standards]; Guidelines as Topic; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Research Design/st [Standards]
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to report on the quality of the existing evidence base regarding the effectiveness of clinical pathway (CPW) research in the hospital setting. The analysis is based on a recently published Cochrane review of the effectiveness of CPWs., METHODS: An integral component of the review process was a rigorous appraisal of the methodological quality of published CPW evaluations. This allowed the identification of strengths and limitations of the evidence base for CPW effectiveness. We followed the validated Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (EPOC) criteria for randomized and non-randomized clinical pathway evaluations. In addition, we tested the hypotheses that simple pre-post studies tend to overestimate CPW effects reported., RESULTS: Out of the 260 primary studies meeting CPW content criteria, only 27 studies met the EPOC study design criteria, with the majority of CPW studies (more than 70%) excluded from the review on the basis that they were simple pre-post evaluations, mostly comparing two or more annual patient cohorts. Methodologically poor study designs are often used to evaluate CPWs and this compromises the quality of the existing evidence base., CONCLUSIONS: Cochrane EPOC methodological criteria, including the selection of rigorous study designs along with detailed descriptions of CPW development and implementation processes, are recommended for quantitative evaluations to improve the evidence base for the use of CPWs in hospitals.
Kinsman L; James E; Machotta A; Steyerberg EW
Bmc Medical Research Methodology
2012
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-80" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1186/1471-2288-12-80</a>
Missing covariate data in clinical research: when and when not to use the missing-indicator method for analysis
Humans; Research Design; Biomedical Research; Bias (Epidemiology); Statistics as Topic
Groenwold RHH; White Ian R; Donders ART; Carpenter JR; Altman Douglas G; Moons Karel GM
Canadian Medical Association Journal
2012
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.110977" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1503/cmaj.110977</a>