A conceptual model of factors influencing children's responses to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches
Non-U.S. Gov't; PedPal Lit; Attention ChildChild Psychology Child; Preschool Female Humans Male Models; Psychological Pain/prevention & control/psychologyParent-Child Relations Parents/psychology Research Support
The purpose of this article is to present a model of factors that may influence a child's response to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches during the procedure. Nonpharmacological interventions, in particular, distraction, and parents as coaches for their children during procedures are discussed. A conceptual model is presented that illustrates the multiple factors and their possible relationships. A selected review of studies is provided that supports the inclusion of these factors in the model. The model and literature review focus on three major areas: characteristics of the child, characteristics of the parent, and procedural variables. The model presented is currently being tested in a large multisite study on the use of distraction during intravenous line insertion.
2006
McCarthy AM; Kleiber C
Journal Of Pediatric Nursing
2006
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2005.06.007" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/j.pedn.2005.06.007</a>
Evaluating instruments for a study on children's responses to a painful procedure when parents are distraction coaches
PedPal Lit; Attention ChildChild Psychology Child; Non-U.S. Gov't Stress; Preschool Female Humans Male Midwestern United States Models; Psychological Pain/prevention & control/psychology Parenting/psychology Pilot ProjectsPsychological Tests PsychometricsQuestionnaires Regression Analysis Reproducibility of Results Research Support; Psychological/prevention & control/psychology Temperament
Existing research identifies numerous variables that may influence children's distress responses during medical procedures. In preparation for a large multisite study to test relationships among these numerous variables and parent distraction coaching, a pilot study of instruments was performed that measured the more complex constructs, namely anxiety, coping, temperament, attention, and parenting style. This article describes the benefits, process, and results of evaluating research instruments before initiating a large study on children's distress during ;medical procedures. A convenience sample of 68 children (4-12 years old) and their parents participated in this study. Children completed state and trait anxiety measures and a coping style scale. Parents completed questionnaires about their child's temperament, attention behavior, anxiety, and coping during a recent medical procedure, and about their own anxiety and parenting style. Coefficients of reliability of the measures were examined and understandability of the instruments was assessed. A forward regression showed that nurturing parenting style, parent's state anxiety, and child's state anxiety accounted for 32% of the variance in child distress during a recent medical procedure.
2006
Kleiber C; McCarthy AM
Journal Of Pediatric Nursing
2006
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2005.06.008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1016/j.pedn.2005.06.008</a>