Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

A comparison of two regimens of patient-controlled analgesia for children with sickle cell disease

Recently, patient controlled analgesia (PCA) has gained prominence in the treatment of pain for children suffering from vaso-occlusive crisis associated with sickle cell disease. Because there are several different regimens that can be used for PCA,…

A Descriptive Report Of End-of-life Care Practices Occurring In Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units

BACKGROUND:
In Canada and other developed countries, the majority of neonatal deaths occur in tertiary neonatal intensive care units. Most deaths occur following the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments.
AIM:
To explore neonatal death events and…

A multicentre international study of sedation for uncontrolled symptoms in terminally ill patients

The issue of symptom management at the end of life and the need to use sedation has become a controversial topic. This debate has been intensified by the suggestion that sedation may correlate with 'slow euthanasia'. The need to have more facts and…

A prospective evaluation of opioid weaning in opioid-dependent pediatric critical care patients

Critically ill children are treated with opioid medication in an attempt to decrease stress and alleviate pain during prolonged pediatric intensive care. This treatment plan places children at risk for opioid dependency. Once dependent, children need…

A prospective study of adverse reactions to the weaning of opioids and benzodiazepines among critically ill children

2005

Tags: 13-20% for 4-7 days, 2005, 8-13% for 8-14 days, 8% for 15-21 days, Adolescent Age Factors, Analgesics, and 2-4% for more t han 21 days of infusions. The authors recommend that the rate of weaning of opioids and benzodiazepines in critically ill children be tailored to the length of time the child received continuous infusions of these agents., Backlog, Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage/adverse effects Child Child, Carnevale FA, Clermont MS, Ducharme C, Health Care Statistics, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, Intravenous Intensive Care Units, Journal Article, Methods, methods/standards Critical Illness/therapy Drug Administration Schedule Drug Monitoring/, Newborn Infusions, Nonparametric, Nursing, Opioid/administration & dosage/adverse effects, Pediatric Nursing Assessment Nursing Evaluation Research Pediatric Nursing, PedPal Lit, Preschool Conscious Sedation/adverse effects/methods/nursing Critical Care/, Shea S, standards Humans Infant Infant, standards Prospective Studies Quality Assurance, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology/prevention & control Time Factors

A randomized, controlled trial of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine for acute pain relief in children with musculoskeletal trauma

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine which of 3 analgesics, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or codeine, given as a single dose, provides the most efficacious analgesia for children presenting to the emergency department with pain from acute musculoskeletal…

A randomized, controlled trial of intravenous clodronate in patients with metastatic bone disease and pain

To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous clodronate in ameliorating refractory bone pain in patients with metastatic bone disease, 60 patients with established osseous metastases and persistent bone pain were randomized to receive either…

A review of the use of methadone for the treatment of chronic noncancer pain

Methadone, although having been available for approximately half a century, is now receiving increasing attention in the management of chronic pain. This is due to recent research showing that methadone exhibits at least three different mechanisms of…

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Backlog, Canada, Chronic Disease, Drug, Humans, Journal Article, Legislation, Lynch ME, Methadone, Methadone/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Non-U.S. Gov't, Opioid/adverse effects/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Pain Research & Management : The Journal Of The Canadian Pain Society = Journal De La Societe Canadienne Pour Le Traitement De La Douleur, Pain/drug Therapy, Research Support

A systematic review of opioid conversion ratios used with methadone for the treatment of pain

OBJECTIVE: Review and analyze the evidence base comprising methadone conversion methods and associated dosing ratios for the treatment of pain. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Clinical trials and retrospective analyses, case series, and case…

Acetaminophen toxicity in children

Acetaminophen is widely used in children, because its safety and efficacy are well established. Although the risk of developing toxic reactions to acetaminophen appears to be lower in children than in adults, such reactions occur in pediatric…

Tags: 2001, Acetaminophen/adverse effects/poisoning/therapeutic use, Adult, Age Factors, American Academy of PediatricsCommittee on Drugs, Analgesics, Backlog, Charcoal/therapeutic use, Child, Humans, Ibuprofen/therapeutic use, Journal Article, Non-Narcotic/adverse effects/poisoning/therapeutic use, Overdose/diagnosis/therapy, Pediatrics

An update on the clinical use of methadone for cancer pain

Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist considered a second choice drug in the management of cancer pain. Methadone has a number of unique characteristics including excellent oral and rectal absorption, no known active metabolites, high potency, low…

Tags: 1997, Administration, Analgesics, Backlog, Bruera E, Evaluation Studies, Humans, Journal Article, Methadone/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Neoplasms/drug therapy, Non-U.S. Gov't, Opioid/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Oral, Pain, Palliative Care/trends, Rectal, Research Support, Ripamonti C, Zecca E

Analgesic effect of the synthetic cannabinoid CT-3 on chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial

CONTEXT: 1',1'dimethylheptyl-Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid (CT-3), a potent analog of THC-11-oic acid, produces marked antiallodynic and analgesic effects in animals without evoking the typical effects described in models of cannabinoids.…

Analgesic effects of topical methadone: a report of four cases

Topical morphine has been used on open wounds for pain management, but has a variable duration of action not suitable for palliative dressing changes. The objective of this study is to find an opioid and delivery method that would provide…

Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children

Are one or two dangerous? Opioid exposure in toddlers

Ingestions of opioid analgesics by children may lead to significant toxicity as a result of depression of the respiratory and central nervous systems. A review of the medical literature was performed to determine whether low doses of opioids are…

Assessment of nurses' judgement for analgesic requirements of postoperative children

Over the last 5-10 years, there has been significant growth in the knowledge and strategies of pain management in children. Investigations are required to discern whether concomitant improvements in clinical practice have occurred. The purpose of…

Tags: 1996, Acetaminophen/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Analgesics, Backlog, Child, Female, Humans, Journal Article, Journal Of Clinical Pharmacy And Therapeutics, Male, Non-Narcotic/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Nursing Assessment, Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy/psychology, Preschool, Romsing J, Suppositories, Tonsillectomy

Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths

CONTEXT: The rate of prescription opioid-related overdose death increased substantially in the United States over the past decade. Patterns of opioid prescribing may be related to risk of overdose mortality. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of…

Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids

The treatment of severe pain with opioids has thus far been limited by their unwanted central side effects. Recent research promises new approaches, including opioid analgesics acting outside the central nervous system, targeting of opioid…

Beyond Amitriptyline: A Pediatric and Adolescent Oriented Narrative Review of the Analgesic Properties of Psychotropic Medications for the Treatment of Complex Pain and Headache Disorders

Children and adolescents with recurrent or chronic pain and headache are a complex and heterogenous population. Patients are best served by multi-specialty, multidisciplinary teams to assess and create tailored, individualized pain treatment and…

Tags: 2020, adolescent headache, adolescent pain, Analgesics, anxiety, Child Psychiatry, Children (Basel), complex pain, Depression, February 2021 List, McDaniel M, pain psychiatry, pediatric headache, pediatric pain, psychotropics, Sierra M, Snri, Windsor RB, Zappitelli M

Biological rhythms in pain and in the effects of opioid analgesics

Pain is difficult and sometimes frustrating to treat, even though new devices and new approaches have been developed in recent years. Pain varies tremendously from one patient to the next, and there are also some studies suggesting that the intensity…

Tags: 1995, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Circadian Rhythm/drug effects/physiology, Humans, Journal Article, Labrecque G, Opioid/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Pain/drug therapy/physiopathology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vanier MC

Bisphosphonates for the relief of pain secondary to bone metastases

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates form part of standard therapy for hypercalcemia and the prevention of skeletal events in some cancers. However, the role of bisphosphonates in pain relief for bony metastases remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To determine the…

Tags: 2002, Analgesics, Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use, Backlog, Bone Neoplasms/complications/drug therapy/secondary, Clodronate, Clodronic Acid/therapeutic use, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Diphosphonates/therapeutic use, Etidronic Acid/therapeutic use, Humans, Journal Article, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use, Pain/drug Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials, Wiffen PJ, Wong R

Can end of life care for the pediatric patient suffering with escalating and intractable symptoms be improved?

Over twelve thousand children are diagnosed each year with cancer, and approximately 2200 children die each year from the disease. A percentage of these patients experiences escalating and intractable distress with symptoms that include pain,…

Tags: 2006, Analgesics, Backlog, Branowicki PA, Dinning C, Houlahan KE, Journal Article, Journal Of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, Mack JW, McCabe M, Opioid/therapeutic use Boston ChildClinical Protocols Humans Neoplasms/nursing Pain/drug therapyPalliative Care/methods/organization & administration Pilot Projects Practice Guidelines, PedPal Lit

Can we use methadone for analgesia in neonates?

2001

Tags: 2001, Adult, Analgesia/methods, Analgesics, Anand KJ, Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, Backlog, Chana SK, Child, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Infant, Journal Article, Methadone, Newborn, Opioid/adverse Effects, Preschool

Challenges in using opioids to treat pain in persons with substance use disorders

Pain and substance abuse co-occur frequently, and each can make the other more difficult to treat. A knowledge of pain and its interrelationships with addiction enhances the addiction specialist's efficacy with many patients, both in the substance…

Chronic pain management and the surgeon: barriers and opportunities

Clinical experience with oral methadone administration in the treatment of pain in 196 advanced cancer patients

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to describe the analgesia, side effects, and dosage and the causes of suspension of treatment in a large sample of advanced cancer patients with pain after treatment with oral methadone from 7 to 90 days. PATIENTS…

Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of opioid analgesics in infants and children

Pain in childhood has not always been managed as actively as that in adults because of the limited amount of research available to provide guidelines for the management of paediatric pain. However, for many years now the pharmacokinetics and…

Tags: 1995, Analgesics, Backlog, Child, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hamunen K, Humans, Infant, Journal Article, Maunuksela EL, Olkkola KT, Opioid/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology, Preschool

Clinical use of methadone

Methadone hydrochloride is a mu-opioid agonist that has been used for the treatment of pain and for the management and maintenance of opioid withdrawal for over 50 years. Several characteristics make methadone a useful drug. However, these same…

Codeine phosphate in children: time for re-evaluation?

2001

Tags: 2001, Analgesics, Backlog, British Journal Of Anaesthesia, Child, Codeine/therapeutic use, Cunliffe M, Evidence-based Medicine, Human, Infant, Journal Article, Opioid/therapeutic use, Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy

Codeine phosphate in paediatric medicine

2001

Tags: 2001, Analgesics, Backlog, British Journal Of Anaesthesia, Child, Codeine/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Hatch DJ, Howard RF, Human, Journal Article, Non-U.S. Gov't, Opioid/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy, Support, Williams DG

Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of a novel controlled-release oxycodone formulation and controlled-release hydromorphone in the treatment of cancer pain

BACKGROUND: The use of oxycodone to treat chronic cancer pain has been hampered by its short elimination half-life, which necessitates administration every 4 hours. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of a novel oxycodone formulation…

Tags: 1997, Analgesics, Babul N, Backlog, Cancer, Comparative Study, Cross-Over Studies, Delayed-Action Preparations, Double-Blind Method, Drug Evaluation, Female, Hagen NA, Humans, Hydromorphone/administration & Male, Journal Article, Middle Aged, Neoplasms/complications, Opioid/administration & dosage, Oxycodone/administration & Pain/drug therapy

Deaths related to the use of prescription opioids

2009

Tags: 2009, Analgesics, Backlog, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Fischer B, Humans, Journal Article, Mortality, Ontario/epidemiology, Opioid/poisoning, Prescription Drugs/poisoning, Rehm J

Difficult pain

Direct conversion from oral morphine to transdermal fentanyl: a multicenter study in patients with cancer pain

Direct conversion from oral morphine to transdermal fentanyl with a ratio of oral morphine/transdermal fentanyl (100:1 mg) daily was examined in patients with cancer pain. Patients with a 'stable and low level of cancer pain' receiving a constant…

Tags: 1996, Administration, Adult, Aged, Analgesics, Backlog, Cutaneous, Donner B, Female, Fentanyl, Humans, Journal Article, Male, Middle Aged, Morphine, Neoplasms, Opioid, Pain, Pain Measurement, Regression Analysis, Strumpf M, Tryba M, Zenz M

Disappearance of morphine-induced hyperalgesia after discontinuing or substituting morphine with other opioid agonists

Hyperalgesia and allodynia in 4 cancer patients treated with morphine disappeared after discontinuing or substituting morphine with other opioid agonists. The first case describes a young female who developed hyperalgesia and myoclonus during…

Efficacy and complications of morphine infusions in postoperative paediatric patients

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and the incidence of clinically significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in paediatric patients receiving continuous intravenous morphine infusions for acute postoperative pain. Definitions were…

End-of-life practices in the Netherlands under the Euthanasia Act

BACKGROUND: In 2002, an act regulating the ending of life by a physician at the request of a patient with unbearable suffering came into effect in the Netherlands. In 2005, we performed a follow-up study of euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and…

Fast fact and concepts #107: Controlled sedation for refractory symptoms: Part II

This fact fact will review sedation techniques.

Tags: 2004, Analgesia/methods, Analgesics, Anesthesia/methods, Backlog, Journal Article, Salacz ME, Weissman DE

Glia: novel counter-regulators of opioid analgesia

Development of analgesic tolerance and withdrawal-induced pain enhancement present serious difficulties for the use of opioids for pain control. Although neuronal mechanisms to account for these phenomena have been sought for many decades, their…

Tags: 2005, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Brain/drug effects/metabolism, Drug Tolerance, Humans, Hutchinson MR, Johnston IN, Journal Article, Maier SF, Neuroglia/drug effects/metabolism, Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism, Nociceptors/drug effects/metabolism, Opioid/administration & dosage, Pain/metabolism/prevention & control, Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism, Trends In Neurosciences, Watkins LR

Browse Items (131 total)