Children in palliative medicine: An overview
Davies B; Siden H
In Hanks G, Cherny NI, Christakis NA, Fallon M, Kaasa S & Portenoy RK (Eds.). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine (4th edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1301-17.
Oxford: Oxford University Press
2009
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Evaluating treatment outcome in an interdisciplinary pediatric pain service
Treatment Outcome; Pain; Therapeutics; Children
OBJECTIVE: To provide descriptive data evaluating outcome and treatment satisfaction among former pediatric patients and their parents seen in an interdisciplinary treatment program for complex pain syndromes. DESIGN: Retrospective telephone interview. SETTING: Pediatric academic health care centre. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A semistructured interview designed for this study was administered by phone with 24 former patients (mean age 15.63 years) and parents, seen over the previous three years in the Complex Pain Consultation Service. Participants provided both qualitative and quantitative information about pre- and post-treatment levels of pain and functioning, achievement of treatment goals and satisfaction with the treatment program. RESULTS: Findings indicated significantly lower frequency and intensity of pain, as rated by patients, when current pain levels were compared with recalled pretreatment levels. As well, improvements were reported in strategies for managing pain and participation in regular activities of daily living. Satisfaction with the team treatment was generally very high, and most felt that their goals were partially to completely met. Child and parent ratings of outcome and satisfaction were consistent. CONCLUSIONS: These descriptive data provide preliminary support for the application of an interdisciplinary model to treating disabling complex pain syndromes in children and youths.
2000
Bennett S; Chambers C; Bellows D; Court C; Huntsman E; Montgomery C; Oberlander T; Sheriff M; Siden H
Pain Research And Management
2000
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1155/2000/767058" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1155/2000/767058</a>
Creating social work competencies for practice in hospice palliative care
Child; Humans; Palliative Care; Adult; Canada; Professional Role; Clinical Competence; Interprofessional Relations; Delphi Technique; Practice; PPC Book Chapter 2011 (Kim Widger); Attitudes; Health Knowledge; hospice care; Social Work/education; Educational Measurement/standards
Social workers play an important role in the delivery of Hospice Palliative Care in many diverse settings. The profession brings a unique perspective to end-of-life care that reflects and supports the holistic philosophy of Hospice Palliative Care. Despite the prominent and longstanding position of social work in this area, the role and functions of social workers had not been clearly defined. A Canadian task group of social work practitioners and educators utilized a modified Delphi process to consult front line clinicians nationally, and thereby achieved consensus regarding the identification and description of eleven core competencies in Hospice Palliative Care. These competencies are relevant for social workers at different experience levels across care settings. They can be used to inform social work practice, as well as professional development and educational curricula in this area.
2010
Bosma H; Johnston M; Cadell S; Wainwright W; Abernethy N; Feron A; Kelley ML; Nelson F
Palliative Medicine
2010
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0269216309346596" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/0269216309346596</a>
Facilitating day-to-day decision making in palliative care
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Questionnaires; Aged; Middle Aged; Nurse-Patient Relations; 80 and over; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; decision making; Palliative Care/psychology; Oncologic Nursing; Nursing Process
As part of a larger grounded theory study investigating the process by which palliative care patients make everyday choices, a secondary analysis of data was conducted to investigate the ways nurses support or restrict patients' participation in their care. Constant comparative methods were used to generate a detailed, contextually grounded description of nurses' strategies that influenced patients' participation in making everyday choices about their personal and nursing care. Data consisted of field notes derived from observations of patients and their caregivers in two hospital-based palliative care units and from 23 transcripts of interviews with participating nurses and patients. Nurses' efforts to support patients' participation in decision making were described as a four-phase process: getting to know the patient, enhancing opportunities for choice, being open to patient choice, and respecting choice. Factors influencing nurses' use of supportive behaviors and behaviors that restricted patients' participation in everyday choices were identified. Given the importance patients attributed to making choices, these findings provide a foundation for the design of nursing interventions that hold great potential for directly influencing quality of life.
2000
Bottorff JL; Steele R; Davies B; Porterfield P; Garossino C; Shaw M
Cancer Nursing
2000
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00002820-200004000-00011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00002820-200004000-00011</a>
Mindfulness in hospice care: Practicing meditation in action
2005
Bruce A; Davies B
Qualitative Health Research
2005
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305281657" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/1049732305281657</a>
HIV/AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV
Cadell S
The Canadian Encyclopedia Of Social Work
2005
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Book/Book Section
Trauma and growth in Canadian carers
Female; Humans; Male; Family; Adult; Canada; Questionnaires; Aged; Middle Aged; Attitude; Internal-External Control; Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support; bereavement; Caregivers/psychology; Psychological; Stress; Depression/psychology; Sociology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology
The phenomenon of post-traumatic growth has been explored within the context of HIV disease in only a limited fashion. One hundred and seventy-six bereaved HIV/AIDS carers located all over Canada responded to a questionnaire about their experiences; 51.7% of these individuals were male, 46% were female and 2.3% were transgender. The range of deaths experienced was from 0 to 110. Forty-four per cent of the carers were themselves HIV-positive. Of all the HIV carers in this study, 86.4% of them exhibited symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite this, 81.8% had scores high enough to be indicative of post-traumatic growth. This study provides a portrait of bereaved HIV carers in Canada and both the positive and negative realities associated with that situation.
2003
Cadell S
AIDS Care
2003
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/09540120310001595122" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/09540120310001595122</a>
The sun always comes out after it rains: understanding posttraumatic growth in HIV carers
2007
Cadell S
Health & Social Work
2007
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/32.3.169" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1093/hsw/32.3.169</a>
Considerations for ethics in multisite research in paediatric palliative care
PPC Book Chapter 2011 (Kim Widger); Multi-site Ethics; NET CV
2009
Cadell S; Ho G; Jacques L; Wilson K; Davies B; Steele R
Palliative Medicine
2009
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0269216309103122" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/0269216309103122</a>
An overview of contemporary social work practice in palliative care.
Female; Male; Palliative Care; Canada; Education; Aged; Social Values; Hospices; Social Work; Patient Advocacy; Role; Research; psychosocial; PPC Book Chapter 2011 (Kim Widger); decision making; knowledge; Support; Adolescence; Collaboration; Evaluation; reflection; Access to Information; 80 and over; Commitment; Communities; Goals and Objectives; Health Care Delivery; Multidisciplinary Care Team; Patient Care Plans
2010
Cadell S; Johnston M; Bosma H; Wainright W
Progress In Palliative Care
2010
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Journal Article
The (re)construction of self after the death of a partner to HIV/AIDS
2007
Cadell S; Marshall S
Death Studies
2007
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/07481180701356886" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/07481180701356886</a>
Factors contributing to post-traumatic growth: a proposed structural equation model
Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Aged; Middle Aged; Life Change Events; HIV Seropositivity; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation; Psychological; bereavement; social support; Stress Disorders; Homosexuality; Bisexuality; Orthopsychiatry/methods; Post-Traumatic/psychology
With the current shift to include positive outcomes of trauma, this research was designed to explore factors that allow growth to occur. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model for understanding posttraumatic growth. A sample (N = 174) of bereaved HIV/AIDS caregivers completed questionnaires in English and French. Spirituality, social support, and stressors were found to have a positive relationship with growth. Facilitation of posttraumatic growth is crucial to all helping professions. This article uses structural equation modelling to begin to elaborate the relationship of spirituality, social support and stressors to posttraumatic growth.
2003
Cadell S; Regehr C; Hemsworth D
The American Journal Of Orthopsychiatry
2003
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.3.279" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1037/0002-9432.73.3.279</a>
Posttraumatic growth and HIV bereavement: Where does it start and when does it end?
Grief; Longitudinal Studies; bereavement; Stress Disorders; Post-Traumatic; Post-Traumatic; Posttraumatic growth; HIV bereavement; iatrogenic effects of research interventions; Mixed methods; Trauma and recovery
There is growing interest in researching posttraumatic growth and understanding how to enhance positive outcomes in trauma survivors. This study undertook a systematic exploration of the posttraumatic growth in bereaved caregivers of people with HIV/AIDS. Following a survey (n=174), in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 individuals. Quantitative and qualitative data are used to illustrate how those who had low scores of posttraumatic growth recounted positive outcomes. Methodological and clinical implications are explored.
2006
Cadell S; Sullivan R
Traumatology
2006
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/153476560601200104" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/153476560601200104</a>
Using participant observation in pediatric health care settings: ethical challenges and solutions
2008
Carnevale FA; Macdonald ME; Bluebond-Langner M; McKeever P
Journal Of Child Health Care
2008
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1367493507085616" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/1367493507085616</a>
Away from home: Experiences of Mexican-American Families in Pediatric Palliative Care
2010
Contro N; Davies B; Larson JM; Sourkes B
Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care
2010
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2010.529020" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/15524256.2010.529020</a>
Family functioning: Impact on siblings.
Longitudinal Studies; Attitude to death -- In infancy & childhood; Bereavement -- in infancy & childhood; Bereavement in children; Brothers and sisters -- Death -- Psychological aspects; Children and death; Grief in children; Sibling Relations -- in infancy & childhood
Davies B
Shadows In The Sun: The Experiences Of Sibling Bereavement In Childhood.
1999
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Book/Book Section
After a child dies: Helping the siblings.
Child; Palliative Care; Terminal Care; Siblings; Longitudinal Studies
Davies B
Hospice Care For Children
1993
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Book/Book Section
Supporting families in palliative care.
Davies B
Ofxord Textbook Of Palliative Care Nursing
2005
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Book/Book Section
The grief of siblings
Grief; Siblings
Davies B
Helping Bereaved Children : A Handbook For Practitioners
2002
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Book/Book Section
Pediatric Palliative Care
Davies B
Encyclopedia Of Death And The Human Experience
2009
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Book/Book Section
Sibling bereavement: research-based guidelines for nurses. [Review] [27 refs]
IM; sibling bereavement; N
Despite the marked improvement in the treatment of childhood cancer in recent decades, there are children who die, leaving behind a legacy of grief for all who knew them, including their siblings. Nurses can play a significant role in facilitating healthy grieving for these surviving children. The results of several studies pertaining to sibling bereavement after the death of a child from cancer provide guidelines for clinicians. [References: 27]
1993-05
Davies B
Seminars In Oncology Nursing
1993
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Journal Article
Long-Term Outcomes of Adolescent Sibling Bereavement
bereavement; sibling bereavement
The experience of sibling bereavement is relatively unexamined in the literature; the long-term effects of such an experience have received even less attention. In this study, grounded theory techniques for the analysis of qualitative data were used to analyze a series of intensive, semistructured interviews with 12 adults who, in their early adolescence, lost a sibling. Long-term outcomes included psychological growth, a sense of feeling different, and withdrawal from peers. The study presents a theoretic scheme relating these outcomes. The sense of personal growth and maturity arouses feelings of being different from peers, and may result in an intolerance of the developmentally appropriate behaviors demonstrated by peers. Some siblings respond to these feelings by withdrawing from their peers at a time when peer relationships are critical to completing developmental tasks. For such siblings, feelings of sadness and loneliness become long-term.
1991-01
Davies B
Journal Of Adolescent Research
1991
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/074355489161007" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/074355489161007</a>
Weaving for the future: using rulers and roses
Humans; Leadership; Nurse's Role; Organizational Objectives; Evidence-Based Medicine; Forecasting; Models; Administration; Nursing; Nursing Process; Biomedical; Nursing Research/organization &; Oncologic Nursing/education/organization &; Technology Assessment
2001
Davies B
Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal
2001
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.5737/1181912x113118122" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.5737/1181912x113118122</a>
Assessment of need for a children's hospice program
Child; Humans; Grief; Canada; Health Services Needs and Demand; Death; Child Health Services; Program Development; PPC Book Chapter 2011 (Kim Widger); adolescent; Preschool; hospice care
Canuck Place, North America's first free-standing pediatric hospice of its kind, opened in 1995 in British Columbia, Canada. The province-wide program encompasses a broad spectrum of services intended to support community-based care and provide periodic, facility-based respite and palliative care to children with life-threatening, progressive illness and to their families. Loss and grief support is another integral component of the program. The concept of pediatric hospice care is founded on the premise that dying children and their families can benefit from care designed to maximize present quality of life; yet, the creation of such programs must be based on demonstrated need. One vital step in the development of the Canuck Place program was assessing the need for such a program within the province. Data from both traditional quantitative and less traditional qualitative sources were used to document and put forth an argument in support of developing a children's hospice program. The final report addressed several components that are summarized in this article for the purposes of assisting others who may wish to undertake similar projects in their own communities.
1996
Davies B
Death Studies
1996
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/07481189608252780" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1080/07481189608252780</a>
Shared life space and sibling bereavement responses.
bereavement; IM; sibling bereavement; N
1988-12
Davies B
Cancer Nursing
1988
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Journal Article
The family environment in bereaved families and its relationship to surviving sibling behavior
Family
1988
Davies B
Child Health Care
1988
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc1701_4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1207/s15326888chc1701_4</a>
The wisdom of children
Child; Humans; Attitude to Death; Child Psychology
2002
Davies B
International Journal Of Palliative Nursing
2002
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2002.8.9.10686" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.12968/ijpn.2002.8.9.10686</a>
Addressing spirituality in pediatric hospice and palliative care
Child; Adult; Religion and Medicine; Needs Assessment; Religion and Psychology; Nursing Assessment; Family/psychology; Human; Child Psychology; Holistic Health; Practice Guidelines; Spirituality; Palliative Care/methods/psychology/standards; Pastoral Care/methods/standards; Pediatrics/methods
Hospice and palliative care principles mandate clinicIans to provide "total" care to patients and their families. Such care incorporates not only physical, emotional, and psychosocial care, but spiritual care as well. Even though considerable attention has been directed to spiritual issues for adult patients in hospice and palliative care, spirituality in pediatric palliative care has been virtually neglected. The need for guidelines to assess spirituality in this population was identified as a priority issue by members of a subcommittee of the Children's International Project on Children's Palliative/Hospice Services, created under the auspices of the National Hospice Organization. Committee members, based on their clinical, research, and personal experiences, identified several aspects relevant to spirituality in general, and to spirituality in pediatric palliative care in particular, and developed guidelines for clinicians in pediatric palliative care. The purpose of this paper is to share the results of this committee's work and, in particular, to present their guidelines for addressing spiritual issues in children and families in pediatric hospice and palliative care.
2002
Davies B; Brenner P; Orloff S; Sumner L; Worden W
Journal Of Palliative Care
2002
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Journal Article
Culturally-sensitive information-sharing in pediatric palliative care
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to learn about experiences of Mexican American and Chinese American families who require pediatric palliative care. This article describes parents' perceptions of information-sharing by health care providers during their child's hospitalizations and at their child's death. METHODS: The study used a retrospective design of grounded theory analysis. Participants included 36 parents (26 Mexican American and 10 Chinese American) from 28 families who experienced between 6 months and 5 years before study participation the death of a child who was aged
2010
Davies B; Contro N; Larson J; Widger K
Pediatrics
2010
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0722" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1542/peds.2009-0722</a>
Experiences of mothers in five countries whose child died of cancer
Child; Female; Humans; Male; United States; Palliative Care; Adult; Canada; Mother-Child Relations; Middle Aged; Attitude to Death; Cross-Cultural Comparison; adolescent; Preschool; bereavement; infant; Greece; Norway; Oncologic Nursing; Hong Kong; Neoplasms/nursing/psychology/therapy
Although increasing attention is being focused on the emotional aspects of caring for dying children and their families, few research reports concentrate on the experiences of mothers, particularly in different countries. This article describes the findings of an exploratory, descriptive study that investigated the experiences of mothers from five different countries who each had a child die from cancer in the past 6 months. Principal investigators, members of the International Work Group on Death, Dying, and Bereavement, conducted semistructured interviews with 21 mothers in their own countries. No culturally related differences were noted among mothers, and the mothers' recall of their experiences are more similar than different. All mothers, irrespective of country, described similar reactions to the diagnosis, management of the end-stage illness, and challenge of coping with bereavement. Lessons learned from this project provide suggestions for future research across countries.
1998
Davies B; Deveau E; deVeber B; Howell D; Martinson I; Papadatou D; Pask E; Stevens M
Cancer Nursing
1998
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00002820-199810000-00001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1097/00002820-199810000-00001</a>
Challenges of developing a children's hospice
Death; bereavement
Davies B; Eng B
Beyond The Innocence Of Childhood: Helping Children And Adolescents Cope With Death And Bereavement
1996
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Book/Book Section
Living in the dragon's shadow': Fathers' experiences of a child's life-limiting illness
Death; hospice; Fathers; SSHRC CURA; father experience; child's terminal illness; Death and Dying
Grounded theory methods were used to study the experiences of 8 bereaved fathers whose children received care in a home-based hospice program. In-depth, unstructured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded for themes and categories. Every aspect of fathers' lives was affected by their experiences, which were described in metaphoric terms as living in a dragon's shadow. Fathers dealt with life in the dragon's shadow by battling the dragon (the illness)--the core social process. Battling was a conscious, active, continuous process that required strength, willpower, and work. Battling occurred within the context of fathers' experiences with fathering and fatherhood and was characterized by 3 aspects: battling with uncertainty, battling with responsibility, and battling with everyday disruption. Fathers were assisted by supportive work environments and by supportive relationships with health care providers. Unsatisfactory relationships with medical personnel compounded fathers' battling with life in the dragon's shadow. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Davies B; Gudmundsdottir M; Worden B; Orloff S; Sumner L; Brenner Paul
Death Studies
2004
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Journal Article
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180490254501" target="_blank" id="linkhttp:dx.doi.org10.108007481180490254501" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180490254501" rel="noreferrer">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481180490254501</a>
Conducting a qualitative culture study of pediatric palliative care
While conducting a grounded theory study of Chinese American and Mexican American families' experiences in pediatric palliative care, we encountered a number of unanticipated challenges regarding project development, Institutional Review Boards, recruitment, data collection, and data analysis. In this article, we describe our experiences, strategies, and insights for the benefit of other researchers and clinicians in the field.
2009
Davies B; Larson J; Contro N; Reyes-Hailey C; Ablin AR; Chesla CA; Sourkes B; Cohen H
Qualitative Health Research
2009
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1049732308327346" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/1049732308327346</a>
Grief and bereavement in pediatric palliative care
Davies B; Limbo R; Jin J
Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Nursing
2010
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Book/Book Section
Challenges of conducting research in palliative care
Research
1995
Davies B; Reimer CJ; Brown P; Martens N
Omega
1995
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2190/jx1k-amyb-ccqx-ng2b" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.2190/jx1k-amyb-ccqx-ng2b</a>
Fading away: The experience of transition for families with terminal illness
Family
Davies B; Reimer JC; Brown P; Martens N
1995
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Book/Book Section
Barriers to palliative care for children: Perceptions of pediatric health care providers
Longitudinal Studies
OBJECTIVE. The goal was to explore barriers to palliative care experienced by pediatric health care providers caring for seriously ill children. METHODS. This study explored pediatric provider perceptions of end-of-life care in an academic children's hospital, with the goal of describing perceived barriers to end-of-life care for children and their families. The report focuses on the responses of nurses (n = 117) and physicians (n = 81). RESULTS. Approximately one half of the respondents reported 4 of 26 barriers listed in the study questionnaire as frequently or almost always occurring, that is, uncertain prognosis (55%), family not ready to acknowledge incurable condition (51%), language barriers (47%), and time constraints (47%). Approximately one third of respondents cited another 8 barriers frequently arising from problems with communication and from insufficient education in pain and palliative care. Fourteen barriers were perceived by >75% of staff members as occasionally or never interfering with pediatric end-of-life care. Comparisons between physicians and nurses and between ICU and non-ICU staff members revealed several significant differences between these groups. CONCLUSIONS. Perceived barriers to pediatric end-of-life care differed from those impeding adult end-of-life care. The most-commonly perceived factors that interfered with optimal pediatric end-of-life care involved uncertainties in prognosis and discrepancies in treatment goals between staff members and family members, followed by barriers to communication. Improved staff education in communication skills and palliative care for children may help overcome some of these obstacles, but pediatric providers must realize that uncertainty may be unavoidable and inherent in the care of seriously ill children. An uncertain prognosis should be a signal to initiate, rather than to delay, palliative care.
2008
Davies B; Sehring SA; Partridge JC; Cooper BA; Hughes A; Philp JC; Amidi-Nouri A; Kramer RF
Pediatrics
2008
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Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3153" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1542/peds.2006-3153</a>
Manifestations of levels of functioning in grieving families
Family
1986
Davies B; Spinetta J; Martinson I; McClowry S; Kulenkamp E
Journal Of Family Issues
1986
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/019251386007003005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">10.1177/019251386007003005</a>
Supporting families in palliative care.
Davies B; Steele R
Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Nursing
2010
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Book/Book Section
Challenges in identifying children for palliative care
Child; Attitude to Death; Pilot Projects; quality of life; patient care team; Caregivers/psychology; Human; Palliative Care; Attitude of Health Personnel; Patient Selection
1996
Davies B; Steele R
Journal Of Palliative Care
1996
Article information provided for research and reference use only. PedPalASCNET does not hold any rights over the resource listed here. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Journal Article