Tissue destruction is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory reaction leads to activation of nociceptors and the sensation of pain. Several mediators are responsible for pain and hyperalgesia in inflammation including cytokines,…
Organisms respond to infection with complex adaptations involving bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. The idea of intercellular communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems via common signal…
Cachexia represents the clinical consequence of a chronic, systemic inflammatory response, and its manifestations differ considerably from those of starvation. Although cachexia is classically associated with chronic infections and malignant…
