Browse Items (12 total)
- Tags: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Changes in availability of paediatric medicines in Australia between 1998 and 2002
Tags: 2005, Administration, and those both licensed for paediatric use and subsidized increased from 356 (23.1%) to 441 (23.2%). The number of medicines with formulations suitable for paediatric use increased from 861 (55.7%) to 967 (50.8%), Backlog, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, but not for children under the age of two years., Chui J, ei ght (9%) for 2-11 years and 12 (13%) for 12-18 years. An additional 14 orally available chemical entities previously only licensed for adults, Journal Article, licensed medicines available in Australia in the calendar years 1998 and 2002 were examined. RESULTS: The total number of medicines licensed in Australia increased from 1544 to 1903, Newborn Licensure, Oral Adolescent Age Factors Australia Chemistry, PedPal Lit, Pharmaceutical Child Child, Preschool Dosage Forms Drug Approval/statistics & numerical data Humans Infant Infant, Reith D, statistics & numerical data, the number of licensed paediatric items increased from 579 (37.5%) to 725 (38.1%), Tordoff J, trends Pediatrics, trends Pharmaceutical Preparations, were licensed for children by 2002. CONCLUSIONS: There have been some improvements in medicines licensing for older children
Prediction of drug disposition in infants and children by means of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling: theophylline and midazolam as model drugs
Tags: 2005, Adolescent Aging/metabolism Body Composition Bronchodilator Agents/blood/pharmacokinetics Cardiac Output/physiology Child Child, Backlog, Biological Organ Size/physiology Regional Blood Flow/physiology Theophylline/blood/pharmacokinetics, Bjorkman S, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Journal Article, Newborn Liver Circulation/physiology Male Midazolam/blood/pharmacokineticsModels, PedPal Lit, Preschool Female Half-Life Humans Infant Infant
Acute drug prescribing to children on chronic antiepilepsy therapy and the potential for adverse drug interactions in primary care
Tags: 11, 2-4, 2005, 22, 26, 5-11, Adolescent Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage/adverse effects Child Child, and 12-17-year-old age groups, and 12-17-year-olds, and 33/1000 children chronically prescribed antiepileptic therapy in the 0-1, and six for the 0-1, Backlog, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, ciprofloxacin, Computerized Polypharmacy Prescriptions, Drug/statistics & numerical data Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data Research Support, Ekins-Daukes S, erythromycin, Helms P, Journal Article, McLay JS, Milne RM, Newborn Medical Records Systems, Non-U.S. Gov't Scotland%X AIMS: To investigate the extent of acute coprescribing in primary care to children on chronic antiepileptic therapy, Novak PH, PedPal Lit, Preschool Drug Administration ScheduleDrug Interactions Epilepsy/drug therapy Humans Infant Infant, respectively. Of these acute coprescriptions 72 (1.5%) prescribed to 22 (3.0%) children were identified as a potential source of clinically serious interactions. The age-adjusted prevalence rates for potentially serious coprescribing were 86, respectively. The drugs most commonly coprescribed which could give rise to such interactions were antacids, Simpson CR, six, theophylline and (TRUNCATED), with carbamazepine
Effect of the pediatric exclusivity provision on children's access to medicines
Tags: 2005, Age Factors Australia Child Child, Australia and New Zealand of the 79 medicines granted paediatric exclusivity in the USA, Backlog, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, by age grouping, Drug Licensure, Grieve J, Journal Article, legislation & jurisprudence, Newborn Legislation, Norris P, number of patients likely to be treated with each drug in a year, PedPal Lit, Preschool Drug Approval/legislation & jurisprudence Great Britain Humans Infant Infant, regarding: usefulness in patients with the condition, Reith D, Standards, statistics & numerical data New Zealand Pediatrics, statistics & numerical data Pharmaceutical Preparations, supply & distribution United States%X AIMS: To determine the paediatric licensing status in the USA, the Electronic Medicines Compendium (UK), Tordoff J, UK
Formulation of medicines for children
Tags: 2005, Adolescent Aging/psychologyChemistry, Backlog, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, buccal gels and transdermal patches, Journal Article, many of the dosage forms designed for adults, Nunn T, PedPal Lit, Pharmaceutical ChildDosage Forms Drug Delivery Systems Humans Patient Acceptance of Health Care%X The development of age-adapted dosage forms and taste-masking of bitter-tasting drugs administered orally for children, prescribing practice and ultimately commercial viability., such as oro-dispersible tablets, Williams J
Should domperidone be used for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children? Systematic review of randomized controlled trials in children aged 1 month to 11 years old
Tags: 2005, a good or excellent result was obtained in 93% of the domperidone group compared with 33% of the controls (P < 0.05). In the trial undertaken by de Loore, after 2 weeks of treatment 75% of patients treated with domperidone were found not to be vomiting, and reference citations of the RCTs that had been found electronically. RESULTS: Four RCTs were identified. Only the two older trials showed any benefits of domperidone on clinical symptoms of GORD in older children, Antiemetics/therapeutic use Child Child, Baber N, Backlog, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, compared with 43% in the metoclopramide group and 7% in the placebo group. The trial by Corraccio gave no detailed results regarding the primary outcomes of effect of domperidone on symptoms but simply reported 'cured', drug therapy Humans Infant Randomized Controlled Trials/methods Research Design Treatment Outcome, Journal Article, Medline (Pub-med) 1966 to present and Embase from 1974 to 2004, PedPal Lit, Preschool Domperidone/, Pritchard DS, Stephenson T, the widespread use of unlicensed medicines for GOR is not warranted., therapeutic use Dopamine Antagonists/, therapeutic use Evidence-Based Medicine Gastroesophageal Reflux/, there was no robust evidence of efficacy for the treatment of GOR with domperidone in young children. Given the usually benign nature of the condition, was reduced with domperidone. CONCLUSION: From the limited evidence available, which were the primary outcome measures. In the trial undertaken by Clara
Modelling approaches to dose estimation in children
Tags: 2005, Adolescent Child Child, Backlog, Biological Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage Pharmacokinetics, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Drug Administration Schedule Humans Infant Infant, Johnson TN, Journal Article, NewbornModels, PedPal Lit, Preschool Clinical Trials/standards Dose-Response Relationship
Adverse drug reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors and paracetamol in a paediatric hospital
Tags: 2005, Acetaminophen/adverse effects Adolescent Adult Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems Analgesics, at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) in Melbourne, Australia prompted review of all of the RCH reactions reported to these agents over 5 years. METHODS: The ADR programme documents both spontaneously reported ADRs and ADRs identified by discharge coding. For this study, Backlog, Beggs S, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, celecoxib, Cranswick N, for the previous 5-year period, ibuprofen, in patients aged from 4 months to 22 years (median 10 years) were identified. Reactions were predominantly rash (n = 10), including both established and newer agents., indomethacin, Journal Article, naproxen, Non-Narcotic/adverse effects Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects Body Weight Child Child, paracetamol and rofecoxib, Pediatric Humans Infant Male Prognosis Respiration Disorders/chemically induced, PedPal Lit, Preschool Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/adverse effects Drug Administration Schedule Drug Eruptions/etiology Female Hematemesis/chemically induced Hospitals, reported reactions to aspirin, significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to NSAIDs, Titchen T, were retrieved from the hospital ADR database. RESULTS: Nineteen reports of ADRs to NSAIDs and six to paracetamol
How children's responses to drugs differ from adults
Tags: 2005, a drug - a truly age-dependent difference in pharmacodynamics. This may be true of both the desired action and adverse events. Examples are given. Programming by drugs is also a phenomenon almost exclusive to early life, Adult Aging/metabolism Bayes Theorem Child Clinical Trials/methods Humans PharmacogeneticsPharmacokinetics Research Design%X Children are not small adults. However, and response to, Backlog, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, different 'host' response and different adverse drug reactions can all explain why some drugs behave differently in children. However, different disease variants, different pharmacodynamics, example s are discussed. Different pathophysiology, i.e. permanent effects result from a stimulus applied at a sensitive point in development ('critical window'), Journal Article, often in fetal or neonatal life. Again, PedPal Lit, stage of development can alter the action of, Stephenson T, the main thesis of this review will be that children's responses to drugs have much in common with the responses in adults and indeed in other mammals. Often, we need to explore ways to avoid re-inventing the wheel by determining how data from adult animal and human models can help inform research and practice for children.
The potential of UK clinical databases in enhancing paediatric medication research
Tags: 2005, Adolescent Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems Biomedical Research/methods Child Child, Backlog, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Computerized Pediatrics/methods Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage Pharmacoepidemiology/methods Prescriptions, Drug/statistics & numerical data Research Support, Factual Family Practice/statistics & numerical data Great Britain Humans Infant Infant, Journal Article, Murray ML, Newborn Medical Records Systems, Non-U.S. Gov't, PedPal Lit, PreschoolDatabases, Wong IC