Browse Items · Pediatric Palliative Care Library

Naltrexone therapy of apnea in children with elevated cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin

Previous studies have indicated increased immunoreactivity of the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of infants under 2 years of age with apnea. To assess the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of…

Do Low Levels of Beta-Endorphin in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Indicate Defective Top-Down Inhibition in Patients with Chronic Neuropathic Pain? A Cross-Sectional, Comparative Study

OBJECTIVE: Pain medicine still lacks mechanism-specific biomarkers to guide diagnosis and treatment, and defective top-down modulation is an important factor in the pathophysiology of chronic pain conditions. Using modern analytical tools and…

Tags: 2014, Backlog, Backryd E, Biomarkers of Pain, Gerdle B, Ghafouri B, Journal Article, Larsson B, Pain Medicine

Mass spectrometry for the quantification of bioactive peptides in biological fluids

The study of pharmacologically active peptides is central to the understanding of disease and development of novel therapies. It would be advantageous to monitor the fate of bioactive peptides in biological fluids and tissues following their in vivo…

Tags: 2007, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Body Fluids/metabolism, Chemical Fractionation/methods, Journal Article, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Mass Spectrometry/methods, Peptides/analysis/chemistry, Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis/chemistry, Specimen Handling/methods, Tamvakopoulos C

Opioids

Opioids are the most effective and widely used drugs in the treatment of severe pain. They act through G protein-coupled receptors. Four families of endogenous ligands (opioid peptides) are known. The standard exogenous opioid analgesic is morphine.…

Tags: 2007, Amino Acid Sequence, Analgesics, Animals, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Chronic Disease, Drug Tolerance, Handbook Of Experimental Pharmacology, Humans, Journal Article, Ligands, Molecular Sequence Data, Opioid/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Opioid/drug effects, Receptors, Stein C, Zollner C

Influence of pain treatment by epidural fentanyl and bupivacaine on homing of opioid-containing leukocytes to surgical wounds

Endogenous opioids released from leukocytes extravasating into injured tissue can interact with peripheral opioid receptors to inhibit nociception. Animal studies have shown that the homing of opioid-producing leukocytes to the injured site is…

Tags: 2007, Adjuvants, Aged, Analgesia, Analgesics, Anesthesia, Anesthesia/immunology/pharmacology, Anesthetics, Backlog, beta-Endorphin/drug effects/immunology/metabolism, Biomarkers of Pain, Brain, Behavior, And Immunity, Bupivacaine/immunology/therapeutic use, Cell Movement/drug effects/immunology, Enkephalin, Epidural, Female, Fentanyl/immunology/therapeutic use, Heurich M, Humans, Journal Article, Kopf A, Lenzner M, Leukocytes/drug effects/immunology/metabolism, Local/immunology/therapeutic use, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Methionine/drug effects/immunology/metabolism, Middle Aged, Morciniec P, Mousa SA, Nociceptors/drug effects/immunology, Opioid/immunology/therapeutic use, Pain, Patient-Controlled, Pirinitramide/therapeutic use, Postganglionic/drug effects/immunology, Postoperative/immunology/prevention & control, Stein C, Subcutaneous Tissue/immunology, Sympathetic Fibers, Welte M, Wound Healing/drug effects/immunology

A Genome-wide Drosophila Screen for Heat Nociception Identifies alpha2delta3 as an Evolutionarily Conserved Pain Gene

Worldwide, acute, and chronic pain affects 20% of the adult population and represents an enormous financial and emotional burden. Using genome-wide neuronal-specific RNAi knockdown in Drosophila, we report a global screen for an innate behavior and…

Pediatric End-of-Life Issues and Palliative Care

Optimizing the quality of medical care at the end of life has achieved national status as an important health care goal. Palliative care, a comprehensive approach to treating the physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs of patients and their…

Tags: 2007, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Journal Article, Michelson KN, Steinhorn DM

Beta-Endorphin Response to an Acute Pain Stimulus

The timing of the measurement of biological samples (e.g. biomarkers) is not always standardized. Biomarkers are the focus of many recent studies and treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine the timing of the release of beta-endorphin…

Lymphocytes upregulate signal sequence-encoding proopiomelanocortin mRNA and beta-endorphin during painful inflammation in vivo

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived beta-endorphin1-31 (END) released from immune cells inhibits inflammatory pain. We examined the expression of END and POMC mRNA encoding the signal sequence required for entry of the nascent polypeptide into the…

Development of the paediatric pain profile: role of video analysis and saliva cortisol in validating a tool to assess pain in children with severe neurological disability

The Paediatric Pain Profile (PPP) is a 20-item behavior-rating scale designed to assess pain in children with severe to profound neurological impairment. Three raters independently used the PPP to rate behavior of 29 children (mean age 9.6, SD 5.8)…

Targeting of opioid-producing leukocytes for pain control

It is accepted that inflammatory mediators released from leukocytes contribute to the generation of pain. However, it is less well known that immune cells also produce mediators that can effectively counteract pain. These include anti-inflammatory…

Tags: 2007, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Journal Article, Machelska H, Neuropeptides

Plasma levels of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and beta-endorphin as indicators of stress, pain and prognosis in horses with colic

A prospective observational study was performed to evaluate whether the plasma concentration of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) or β-endorphin is related to clinical signs, blood chemistry, or severity of pain of colic. Seventy-seven horses with colic…

Tags: 2010, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Biomarkers Reference List, Journal Article, Koho NM, Korolainen RV, Leppaluoto J, Mykkanen AK, Niinisto KE, Poso AR, Raekallio MR, Ruohoniemi MO, The Veterinary Journal

Inhibition of inflammatory pain by CRF at peripheral, spinal and supraspinal sites: involvement of areas coexpressing CRF receptors and opioid peptides

There is conflicting evidence on the antinociceptive effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) along the neuraxis of pain transmission and the responsible anatomical sites of CRF's action at the level of the brain, spinal cord and periphery. In…

Serum Beta-Endorphin Response to Stress Before and After Operation Under Fentanyl Anesthesia in Neonates, Infants and Preschool Children

2010-04

Tags: 2010, Antypa E, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, European Journal Of Pediatric Surgery, Journal Article, Kontis E, Makedou A, Mentessidou A, Mirilas P, Petropoulos AS

Pediatricians' management practices for chronic pain

OBJECTIVE: While research has established that pediatric pain is undertreated, it is unclear who should have primary responsibility for its management. This study asks pediatricians who they believe should treat pain and how pain should be assessed…

Tags: 2010, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Feeg V, Journal Article, Journal of Palliative Medicine, Knapp CA, Madden VL, Shenkman EA, Thompson LA

Impact of setting of care on pain management in patients with cancer: a multicentre cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: No study has so far addressed whether differences do exist in the management of cancer-related pain in patients admitted to oncology and non-oncology settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multicentre cross-sectional study in 48 Italian…

Tags: 2010, Annals Of Oncology : Official Journal Of The European Society For Medical Oncology / Esmo, Backlog, Bandieri E, Belfiglio M, Biomarkers of Pain, Di Biagio K, Journal Article, Luppi M, Ripamonti CI, Romero M, Sichetti D, Tognoni G, Working Group for ECAD

Relationship between release of beta-endorphin, cortisol, and trauma severity in children with blunt torso and extremity trauma

PURPOSE: To determine the levels of beta-endorphin and cortisol in children with multiple injuries and to determine whether there is any difference between and compare the severity of trauma and beta-endorphin and cortisol release as calculated using…

Beta-endorphin, Met-enkephalin and corresponding opioid receptors within synovium of patients with joint trauma, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: Intra-articularly applied opioid agonists or antagonists modulate pain after knee surgery and in chronic arthritis. Therefore, the expression of beta-endorphin (END), Met-enkephalin (ENK), and mu and delta opioid receptors (ORs) within…

Pain reactivity and plasma beta-endorphin in children and adolescents with autistic disorder

BACKGROUND: Reports of reduced pain sensitivity in autism have prompted opioid theories of autism and have practical care ramifications. Our objective was to examine behavioral and physiological pain responses, plasma beta-endorphin levels and their…

Leukocytes as mediators of pain and analgesia

2007

Tags: 2007, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Current Rheumatology Reports, Journal Article, Rittner

Involvement of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in opioid analgesia

Tissue destruction is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory reaction leads to activation of nociceptors and the sensation of pain. Several mediators are responsible for pain and hyperalgesia in inflammation including cytokines,…

Tags: 2005, Analgesia, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Chemokines/physiology, Cytokines/physiology, European Journal Of Pain, Humans, Journal Article, Opioid Peptides/physiology, Opioid/physiology, Pain Threshold/physiology, Pain/physiopathology, Receptors, Rittner HL, Stein C

CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulating peripheral release of endogenous opioids

CB(2) cannabinoid receptor-selective agonists are promising candidates for the treatment of pain. CB(2) receptor activation inhibits acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain responses but does not cause central nervous system (CNS) effects,…

Leukocytes in the regulation of pain and analgesia

When tissue is destroyed or invaded by leukocytes in inflammation, numerous mediators are delivered by the circulation and/or liberated from resident and immigrated cells at the site. Proalgesic mediators include proinflammatory cytokines,…

Stress and the adolescent brain

During adolescence the brain shows remarkable changes in both structure and function. The plasticity exhibited by the brain during this pubertal period may make individuals more vulnerable to perturbations, such as stress. Although much is known…

Tags: 2006, Adolescent, Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Brain/physiology, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology, Journal Article, McEwen BS, Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiology, Psychological/physiopathology, Puberty/physiology, Romeo RD, Stress

Beta-endorphin concentration after administration of sucrose in preterm infants

BACKGROUND: Sucrose is an effective analgesic for procedural pain in preterm infants. It has been hypothesized that its analgesic effects are mediated by the release of endogenous opioid neurotransmitters such as beta-endorphin. OBJECTIVE: To…

Cytokine and hormone profiles in mice subjected to handling combined with rectal temperature measurement stress and handling only stress

Stress is known to either up or down regulate immunity. In this study, mice were subjected to handling combined with rectal temperature measurement (RTM) stress or handling only stress. We investigated whether there were any significant differences…

Immunohistochemical localization of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in immune cells and spinal cord in a model of inflammatory pain

Recently, two novel highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, have been isolated from bovine as well as human brains and were proposed to be the endogenous ligand for MOR. Later, endomorphin-1 and…

Different mechanisms of intrinsic pain inhibition in early and late inflammation

Neuroimmune interactions control pain through activation of opioid receptors on sensory nerves by immune-derived opioid peptides. Here we evaluate mechanisms of intrinsic pain inhibition at different stages of Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation…

Recommendations for using opioids in chronic non-cancer pain

1. The management of chronic pain should be directed by the underlying cause of the pain. Whatever the cause, the primary goal of patient care should be symptom control. 2. Opioid treatment should be considered for both continuous neuropathic and…

Human neutrophils as a source of nociceptin: a novel link between pain and inflammation

Nociceptin is a neuropeptide sharing sequence homology with classical opioid peptides but with a distinct pharmacological profile. Through activation of its receptor, NociR, nociceptin has been linked with several physiological functions in the…

Nitric oxide as a prognostic marker for neurological diseases

The potential value of the nitric oxide (NO) level as a prognostic marker in human brain diseases is investigated. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from neurological patients was examined for NO content using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)…

Increased numbers of opioid expressing inflammatory cells do not affect intra-articular morphine analgesia

BACKGROUND: Both locally expressed beta-endorphin (END) and low doses of morphine relieve pain within inflamed knee joints. Here we examined whether enhanced inflammation and END expression within the synovial tissue of patients undergoing…

Mobilization of opioid-containing polymorphonuclear cells by hematopoietic growth factors and influence on inflammatory pain

BACKGROUND: Leukocytes can control inflammatory pain by secretion of opioid peptides, stimulated by cold-water swimming or local injection of corticotropin-releasing factor, and subsequent activation of opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons.…

Tissue monocytes/macrophages in inflammation: hyperalgesia versus opioid-mediated peripheral antinociception

BACKGROUND: Opioid-containing leukocytes migrate to peripheral sites of inflammation. On exposure to stress, opioid peptides are released, bind to opioid receptors on peripheral sensory neurons, and induce endogenous antinociception. In later stages…

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell beta-endorphin concentration is decreased in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia but not in depression: preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the possible role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome and in the differential diagnosis of depression by investigating changes in peripheral…

Decreased proopiomelanocortin mRNA in lymphocytes of chronic alcoholics after intravenous human corticotropin releasing factor injection

BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse may involve an altered neuroendocrine response that mediates lymphocyte-derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC) production and inflammation. We investigated POMC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human lymphocytes ex vivo and…

Beta endorphin concentrations in PBMC of patients with different clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis

The possible link between the opioid peptide beta endorphin and the heterogeneity of the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) concentrations of beta endorphin were measured in 50…

Hormones and the stressed brain

The stress system orchestrates brain and body responses to the environment. Cortisol (in humans) or corticosterone (in rodents) are important mediators of the stress system. Their action-in concert-is crucial for individual differences in coping with…

Tags: 2004, Animals, Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences, Backlog, Biomarkers of Pain, Brain/pathology/physiopathology, De Kloet ER, Glucocorticoid/physiology, Hormones/physiology, Journal Article, Mineralocorticoid/physiology, Receptors, Stress/physiopathology

Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary alpha-amylase: an indicator of sympathetic activity?

Assessment of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity is only possible to date via measurement of catecholamines in blood plasma or via electrophysiological methods. Both ways of measurement are restricted to endocrinological or…

Subcellular pathways of beta-endorphin synthesis, processing, and release from immunocytes in inflammatory pain

The opioid peptide beta-endorphin (END) as well as mRNA for its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) are found not only in the pituitary gland, but also within various types of immune cells infiltrating inflamed sc tissue. During stressful stimuli…

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